O. G. Dely szerk.: Vertebrata Hungarica 15. (Budapest, 1974)
Topál, Gy.: Field Observation on Oriental Bats. Sex Ratio and reproduction 83-94. o.
Rhinolophus hipposideros midas ANDERSEN, 1905 There is probably no sexual segregation in this bat of Kashmir. In Bumzov Cave (2) I collected 2 adults representing both sexes. At the above locality juveniles with dry umbilical cord and forearm-length of 15 mm. were collected on June 9. They were probably 1-2 days old. Rhinolophus lepidus BLYTH, 1844 All the 6 individuals studied were males intheLohogad Fort(6) on July 16, and so were the single specimens obtained in Jabalpur(14) (April 4) and in Barkalikapur(25) on April 4. Sexually active males of this species were collected with enlarged testes in Daitari(16) on November 24. This time the females showed no sexual activity. Rhinolophus macrotis B LYTH, 1844 The male and female ratio was 1:2 in 3 specimens in Tuong linh(34) between May 20-24. It was interesting to observe the 2 females which were not gravid, nor were they lactating, so seemed to be sexually inactive on May 20 and 24. Hipposideridae Hipposideros speoris (SCHNEIDER, 1800) There were 3 males and 4 females in the small sample collected in Elephanta Caves (3) on August 30. Hipposideros larvatus (HORSFIELD, 1823) To continue with this species from two separate caves at Tuong linh(34), the results were as follows: in one cave 4 males and 27 females were found, while in the second 9 males and 1 female were caught, so even the combined sex ratio in the population was about 1:2. These data give a good example of alternative diurnal haunts and at the same time they show a certain degree of segregation of sexes. Moreover, I found in the same population an unexpected and surprising primary ratio. I summed up the sex ratio of fetuses and juveniles: there were 9 males and 17 females present, that is nearly a 1*2 ratio too. This might point to a genetic problem. It could happen that here the segregation distorter is in action or, that this ratio is the consequence of a higher mortality among male embryos. The observed females in Tuong linh(34) were at the beginning of birth time on May 20 and 24. One can surmise that because of greater size and therefore with a slower rate of metabolism, the ontogenesis of the fetus itself is slower than in related smaller species (see below). Embryos of 19 gravid females were 28-34 mm. long on the days of observations. At the same time I found 5 lactating females and 7 juveniles weighing 3.58.5 gs. and with 21.7-35.0 mm. forearm-length. Among the latter were 3 newborn young with 21.7-23.8 and 24.6 mm. forearm-length and weighing 3.5-4.0 gs.
