O. G. Dely szerk.: Vertebrata Hungarica 2/1-2. (Budapest, 1960)
Berinkey, L.: The Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linneus), a new fish species from Hungary 1-10. o.
spine is largely covered by a cutaneous membrane, with only its aciculate, upper portion remaining free. The ventral fins are also transformed into a spine each, serrated laterally, movable, attached by a locking articulation, which prevents the falling back of the erected spine. The spines of the ventral fin are joined by a minute ray, visible only in the erected state of the spine. The ventral fins are followed by the ventral bony plate, formed in its anterior portion by two arched, narrow strips of long bones ,extending to the isthmus and uniting there. Backwards, the basal plate tapers gradually, terminating in a point. This bone extends from the isthmus almost to the opening of the anus, protecting the belly. There is a small, movable spine also in front of the anal fin. The mouth extends over the nasal opening, not reaching the vertical line across the anterior margin of the eye. The mouth is slightly oblique, the lower jaw protruding ower the upper one. Minute, conical teeth sit in the jaws. There is a fine striation on the operculum, the preoperculum and the orbitalia. \ The favourite habitate of the stickleback are the densely grown parts of the seashore, but it penetrates also the rivers. It is not sensitive against the salt content of the water. Its range, according to BERG /3, fig. 2/ is the following: Europe, the Pacific Ocean, North America. In Siberia, it can be found only along the shores of the Pacific Ocean. In Europe, it ranges from Nova Zembla to the Black and Azov Seas, and in the Mediterranean, to Algiers. It occurs around Iceland, in the Baltic Sea, in the Lakes Ladoga and Onega. In the Arctic Ocean, it can be found only along the Murman shore.It is absent from the Petchora and the Siberian rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean, as well as from the Caspian Sea and the Lake Aral. Along the coast of the Pacific Ccean, it can be found almost up to the Behring Strait ; from Alaska to Fusan and Hondo, and to Lower California. It lives also
