Verhovayak Lapja, 1955 (38. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1955 / Verhovay Journal
PAGE 4 Verhovay Journal July 20, 1955. ^3 Verhovay Journal Journal of the Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Ass’n. OFFICB OF PUBLICATION 7907 West Jefferson Ave. Detroit 17, Mich. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE Verhovay Fraternal Insurance Association Managing Editor: JOHN BENCZE Editor: JOHN SABO Editor’« Office: 436—442 FOURTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 1», PA. Telephone: COnrt 1-8454 er 1-3455 AU articles and changes of address should be sent to the VERHOVAY FRATERNAL INSURANCE ASSOCIATION 436—442 FOURTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 19, PA. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: United States and Canada _____.._____________ fl.00 a year Foreign Countries _________________________ $1.50 a year Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office at Detroit, Michigan under the Act of March 8, 1879. THE UNITED NATIONS A GLORIOUS WAY Ten years ago at the Opera House in San Francisco the United Nations became a reality. On June 20th of this year delegates from the 60 member states of the U.N. met there to commemorate the first decade of this organization dedicated to the course of peace. In the opening address President Eisenhower told the delegates, “That there have been failures in attempts to solve international difficulties by the principles of the Charter, none can deny. That there have been victories, only the willfully blind can fail to see. But clear it is that without the United Nations the failures would still have been written as failures into history. And, certainly, without this organization the victories could not have been achieved; instead, they might well have been recorded as human disasters. These, the world has been spared . .. with the birthday congratulations I bring, I reaffirm to you the support of the government of the United States in the purposes and aims of the United Nations — and in the hopes that inspired its founders.” Since the United States strives to live in accord with the terms of the ,U.N. Charter, the President said, we could be counted on to follow certain policies: at home we would sustain the 11 economic, intellectual, and spiritual opportunities of the individual; in our relations with other nations, our attitude will reflect full recognition of their sovereign and equal status; we shall continue to help others achieve constantly rising economic levels; and we shall work with others — especially through the U. N. — so that peaceful and reasonable negotiations “may replace the clash of the battlefield.” The President continued: In this way we can in time make unnecessary the vast armaments that — even when maintained only for security — still terrify the world with their devastating potentiality and tax unbearably the creative energies of men ... The munitions of peace are justice, honesty, mutual understanding,* and respect for others. So believing and so motivated, the United States will leave no stone unturned to work for peace. We shall * reject no method however novel, that holds out any hope however faint, for a just and lasting peace. The object of our second decade is still peace — but a peace of such new kind that all the world will think aijew and act anew. It can■' not be a mere stilling of the guns — it must be a glorious way of life. In that life the atom, dedicated once as man’s slayer, will become his most productive servant. It will be a peace to inspire confidence and faith so that all peoples will be released from the fear of war.--------------------------Reds Fail to Win Hungarian Youth Hungary’s Communist regime has failed completely to win ower the youth of the country, an eighteenyear-old Hungarian refugee girl declared recently on a U.S. Information Agency overseas broadcast. The girl, whose name was withheld to protect relatives behind the Iron Curtain, told her story to the Voice of America, the Information Agency’s broadcasting service. The escapee reported that in her class at junior college there was not a single student who called himself or herself a Communist. And in the entire school, she recalled, there were not more than five or six who openly adopted the Communist label, and these did so only to protect their fathers’ high positions. She said Hungarian students were not afraid to talk freely among themselves, that they constantly criticized the government and unmasked Communist lies. As an example of Communist deceit, she cited the regime’s claims of prosperity which are belied by the shabby clothes of the students and the meatless diet of their hardworked parents. Last April 4, the young refugee told the Voice, all the students were required to parade. They were coached by their Communist dean to shout “Long live the liberating Soviet Army” annd “Long live the people’s democracy”. But when he gave the signal, stony silence followed, much to the dean’s horror. This incident, the coed said, confirmed the students’ view that unified oppositions can render the Communists helpless. On the same principle, Hungarians continue to attend church, she said, despite all the obstacles the state has placed in the way of religious observances. She told the Voice how last Easter the Communists arranged for compulsory films in the school at the time of the Resurrection procession. As the propaganda movies were being shown in the darkened auditorium, almost all the audience climbed out of a ground-floor window and ran to join the procession. SUPERINTENDENT WANTED for BRANCH 14 VERHOVAY HOME of CLEVELAND, OHIO Applicant must be married, must be able to speak English and have at least an understandable knowledge of the Hungarian language. His duties would be to manage the building, bowling alleys and to take care of the club room. Monthly salary, bonus, commission and free living quarters make this position very desirable. Applications are to" be put in sealed envelopes with the word SUPERINTENDENT clearly marked on the outside of envelopes. Applications are acceptable until July 25, 1955. For further information, telephone or see Mr. Leslie J. Dus, RAndolph 1-8834, or Verhovay Home, 8637 Buckeye Road, between the hours of 1 and 5 P. M., Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays. TENSIONS WITHIN THE SOVIET CAPTIVE COUNTRIES HUNGARY Prepared at the Request of the Committee on Foreign Relations By the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress Presented by ALEXANDER WIIEY Wisconsin, Chairman, Committee of Foreign Relations (In Serial Form Here) (Continuation) V. FORCED LABOR \ + Another area of conflict in Hungarian life is the institution of forced labor. An inhuman device employed uniformly within the Soviet bloc, forced labor by essence and by nature is one of the chief causes of unrest in the Soviet captive countries Law No. VII of 1946, which is concerned with the “penal defense of the democratic form of state,” and military law No. II of 1939 are being used by the regime as legal justification for deporting unreliable elements to labor camps, collective cooperatives, or Other areas for compulsory labor. Applied in a most arbitrary fashion according to the moods of the leading Communists, especially before harvests or at other times when serious lags, sabotages, or Unfulfilled quotas are reported, these laws have been ins trumental in creating one of the most oppressive features of the Communist regime in Hungary. Prior to 1949, about 15,000 persons had been sentenced in Hungary for political reasons. Five thousand of them were assigned to corrective labor. When religious persecution reached its height in 1949, all Roman Catholic orders, with the exception of four, were dissolved and their members forcibly transported to various parts of thecountry. Some of the 10,000 priests, monks, and nuns affected were assigned to internment and forcedlabor camps. In a new mass deportation in May 1951, about 75,000 more persons were moved from Budapest and other large cities and assigned to slave labor in quarries, mines, and col ■ lective cooperative. It is noteworthy that deportation often means extermination Especially among the aged and infirm deportation can be an unbearable hardship often ending in death. SLAVERY USED TO COMBAT LABOR TURNOVER As shown above, labor relations in a Communist state such as Hungary are not based upon freely negotiated agreements. The discontent of labor that has resulted from this unnatural relationship has produced such a frequent interchange of employment that the Cabinet has issued a resolution (No. 2.000/1950 1.8) stipulating that “workers who arbitrarily leave factories without managerial permission, shall receive for 2 years only 6 days’ paid vacation at their new place of work and shall receive for 1 year only 50 * percent of their sickness benefits.” And in addition “plant managers are admonished to give their consent to workers’ changing their place of work only in thoroughly justified instances.” With the increase of discontent brought about by the progressive restriction of freedom of movement, scapegoats were singled out. Factory managers were given the power to dismiss workers who had shown “antidemocratic (that is anti Communist) attitudes.” But as these measures proved to be inadequate in preventing restlessness and the continued turnover of labor, a new decree was proclaimed establishing as a guiding principle “the penal defense of the planned economy.” Courts were ordered to sentence workers up to 2 years in prison for leaving their place of employment "without permission. The same order applied also to persons who were absent from their place of work without authorization. Prisons soon became overcrowded, and as r. result the sentencing of people not guilty of serious crimes to “corrective educational work” in forced labor camps became a standard feature of the regime. Based on information obtained from escapees, 99 forced-labor camps have been estimated to be in existence in Hungary, and are specificaliy listed in a memorandum submitted to the United Nations. Conditions in these camps are appalling. Both the quantity and quality of food are substandard, while living quarters are reported to be without heat or adequate bedding. Nor is sufficient clothing provided for the inmates.
