Verhovayak Lapja, 1940. január-június (23. évfolyam, 1-26. szám)
1940-04-11 / 15. szám
Page 6 Verhovayak Lapja April 11, 1940 The Land Beyond the Forest SPFPTAI ANNOUNCEMENT Transylvania, Related in Part to Hungary While Remaining Rumanian Territory, Counts in Any Design for a Balkan Bloc. By GORDON WALKER The defiant “Nem, nem, soha!” which yesterday rose from Hungarian tongues in diplomatic crescendo is today but a whisper. Hungary is being asked to wait. Flags are still at half mast in the land of the Magyars. But the lost lands of the Crown of St. Stephen for which they mourn are a little more distant. Hungary is being asked to forget, at least for the time being, that for nearly a thousand years it was one of Europe’s most powerful empires. To forget that there was a World War which brought that empire tumbling down in pieces. And to forget that there was a peace treaty which gave the pieces to rival neighbors. Hungary is being asked to temper those unyielding words, “No, no, never,”— never will we give up the people and territory torn from us by the Treaty of Trianon. For Hungary, regardless of dreams of empire, is now one of the so-called “smaller states,” which, unable to defend themselves singly, are rapidly learning that a threat to the independence of one is the concern of all. * * * Those grouped in the Balkan Entente recently declared themselves united in a policy directed towards mutually “safeguarding national territory”—a sharply outlined invitation to Hungary to defer its quatercentury campaign for boundary adjustment and consider the more pressing problem of keeping the war out of Southeastern Europe. Rumania, chief recipient of Hungary’s crown lands, welcomes the effort. For while Hungary is being asked to forget, Rumania remembers. A veritable newcomer among the smaller “major powers” in this corner of Europe, Rumania remembers that while Hungary flourished under the prosperity of the Hapsburg Dual monarchy, Rumania was but two small provinces, together about half of its presentday area. And Rumania, too, remembers the World War and its settlements. For Hungary’s loss was in large measure Rumania's gain. Rumania remembers that, included in the many large territories which were taken from neighboring states and pinned loosely onto the sides of its map by the peace treaties, was the rich former Hungarian province of Transylvania—“the Land Beyond the Forests.” Hungary’s increasing clamor for return of this 24,000 square-mile province, has been met an adamant “no” from Rumania. This with the realization that to give up or adjust boundaries in favor of Hungary might furnish quickly-grasped precedent for renewed demands by Russia and Bulgaria— which also covet territories now included in Rumania. Daily increasing diplomatic pressure from Germany and the Allies—each seeking to bottle Rumania’s valuable resources—has sent Rumania on a quest for some sort of military backing from surrounding small states in the event that this pressure should resolve into open attack. Rumania, in its present difficulty, would welcome any respite from Hungary’s revisionist aims. For these aims have defeated more than one strenuously-backed scheme for an alliance of the small Southeastern European states. * * * They wrecked attempts of France to construct a Danubian Federation to replace the former Empire of the Hapsburgs. They proved a major obstacle to past efforts of the Balkans to group themselves into a compact defensive bloc. The Little Entente acted as an effective curb on them. But its breakdown following the absorption by Germany of Czechoslovakia, its principal member, was the signal for a sudden intense renewal of Hungarian demands on Rumania, marked by the massing of troops of both states on their common frontier. This crisis lasted until British guarantee to Rumanian territorial integrity was given the next month. More recently Yugoslavia and Italy have each attempted to bring about some sort of settlement to the dispute, although in the past Italy has sometimes backed Hungary’s claims. This pressure exerted by the Balkan states alone might, at this time, be insufficient to move Hungary, even temporarily, from its intransigeant demands. But this force, combined with the growing realization of both countries that a resort to arms might readily supply entrance for the major powers in a struggle for supremacy in this vital economic region, has kindled new hope for an intermission in Hungarian-Rumanian ten sity, at least until the European war has ended. Actually a relaxation of belligerency on both sides might go far towards paving the way for a permanent settlement agreement to both sides. Embittered Hungarians argue that the 1,200,000 Szekely—a people of mysterious origin, thoroughly Magyarized in language and national sentiment—who live in the heart of the province dominated its cultural and political activity for more than ten centuries. But this fact renders the situation no less untenable for Rumanians, who point out that the 3,500,000 Rumanian nationals largely intermingled with these Szekely, have constituted a numerical majority for at least five centuries of that time. These deeply-rooted historical claims to the fertile area constantly color both Hungary’s charges of mistreatment of its minority, and Rumania’s counter-assertions that the minorities do not behave. * * * A chauvinistic Hungarian press charges that Rumanian administration is strictly by and for the Rumanians, who apparently r^ard the Szekely as an irreconcilable enemy, requiring restraint, if not repression. Loopholes in the 1938 Rumanian minority statute, guaranteeing “far-reaching privileges to Rumanian citizens regardless of race or nationality” are brought to the attention of patriotic Hungarians who seem only too willing to keep alive the campaign for return of the province. Declaring, in the first place, that adoption of Rumanian citizenship means giving up political or social independence, Hungarians further assail the red-tape which makes it almost impossible for those so desiring to become Rumanian citizens. These conditions, recalling the crisis between Germany and Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland, have so far not been susceptible of solution. A return to Hungary of the entire territory might satisfy Hungarians, but under the present conditions it wouid merely be putting the shoe on the other foot for the Rumanian minority that would thus be created. Re-establishment of Transylvania as an independent state, suggested by Hungarians on both sides of the border, Rumanians feel to be impractical. Although Transylvania enjoyed prosperity as an independent state for nearly 200 years at one time in its colorful history, it is generally conceded that such a state, in the present era of military diplomatic pressures, would become a puppet of some stronger power. * * * Restoration of the purely Hungarian regions in the middle of Transylvania, urged by the Hungarian Revisionist League, with a narrow corridor through the Rumanian areas connecting with Hungary proper, is likewise rejected by Rumanian authorities. Certain Rumanian areas on either side of the corridor would, under these circumstances, be cut off from the main body of the state by high mountain ranges. Perhaps a more feasible scheme is that which would return to Hungary those border regions, which, inhabited by a majority of Hungarians, are considered economically more suited to Hungarian rule. Any one of these solutions would take time. And the present demands for an effective bulwark against outside influence is urgent. Hungary may find that to adjust its aims more closely to those of small-state neighbors is of more concern at the present time than regaining the lost crown lands of St. Stephen. (The Christian Science Monitor)--------------o-------------Teachers would be better teachers if they became students of psychology, instead of trying to teach children in mass formation. They must remember, children have thinking machines— they have souls. You can drive one but you must coax another. You can plead with one but you must force another. You can reason with one but you must command another. First Annual Spring Dance Branch 394 of New York City will hold its First Annual Spring Dance on Saturday, April 27th, at the Lenox Hill Hall, 331 East 70th Street, New York City. The Verhovay Orchestra with the inimitable Elmer Horosnyi will furnish the music for dancing. Our orchestra is growing in popularity every day. We now have a large following which is very gratifying indeed. All the Verhovay members will be present at this gala occasion, and I am sure they will bring their friends. The members of Branch 394 will do their best to make this evening enjoyable and entertaining for every one. —Davis Dobosy, Publicity Director 394.--------------O-------------NOTICE, BRANCH 434 South Bend, Indiana Our meetings are held on the first Monday of every month, 7:30 p. m. at the Verhovay Home, 1024 W. Indiana Avenue. Come get acquainted. We meet only once a month. Is it hard to be there? It’s more like a social gathering. I Oould you use a few extra dollars? You can find out how by attending our next meeting. If you are unable to attend our meetings then look me up any Friday or Saturday evening from 7 to 9 o’clock. I’ll be more than glad to be of any service to you. Dues for the month are accepted up till the 25th of each month. Fraternally yours, Mrs. W. Lukacs, Sec’y Branch 434 Residence: 515 W. Washington Avenue South Bend, Indiana Telephone 35328. 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