Meskó Csaba: Thermal Baths - Our Budapest (Budapest, 1999)
scribes five groups of wells and springs in the 1996 album Budapest fürdőváros (A City of Baths, Budapest) Budapest, northern group (lukewarm karst water): Pünkösd Baths, Római Baths, the springs and wells of Csillaghegy, the Tungsram Lido, the Árpád spring in Óbuda. Margaret Island, northern group (thermal karst water): The wells in the northern section of Margaret Island, the wells of Dagály Lido, the wells of the Elektromos Athletic Association (Népfürdő utca, District XIII) and the Paskal Well, which, notwithstanding its higher temperature, belongs here on the basis of its overall nature. The József Hill Group (broad thermometric limits, varying chemical properties): Springs at the foot of József Hill, wells drilled between the foot of the hill and the Danube bank. Deep karst group (thermal deep karst water): Well No. II on Margaret Island, wells Nos. I and II in the City Park. Gellért Hill and South Budapest groups (thermal karst waters): Springs in the Gellért Hill area, the springs and wells of the Rudas, Rác and Gellért Baths, the Csepel and the Pesterzsébet thermal wells, the well in Közraktár utca, the well on the premises of the Tétényi út (St. Imre) Hospital, the well of the Hydrological Scientific Research Institute (VITÜKI), the well on the premises of Apenta and the Budatétény and Erzsébet tér observation wells. The water of the salt-iodine well in Pestszenterzsébet falls into none of the above groups. The waters yielded by the warm and hot springs of Budapest belong to the group of hydro-carbonic waters on the basis of their chemical properties. This is characteristic of karst waters as among the substances dissolved from the limestone and the dolomite lime occurs in the largest quantities. The chemical properties of waters belonging to the first group are identical to those of simple karst water, that group then is lukewarm karst water. Waters from the rest of Budapest’s springs fall into two sub-groups of hydro-carbonic thermal waters each of which is unique in Hungary. One is the sub-group of sulphate hydro-carbonic waters, the other is that of chloride-sulphate waters. Those Budapest springs which well up from the fissures of limestone and marl are usually characterised by a plentiful output. Certain springs and wells in Budapest yield as much as five to ten cubic metres of water per minute. Dolomite-based springs produce around one cubic metre of water per minute. 17
