Jakab Réka: Bérlőből polgár. Pápa város zsidó közösségének társadalom- és gazdaságtörténete 1748-1848 (Veszprém, 2014)
somewhat more firmly drawn and their livelihoods were derived more or less from one or other of these distinct categories; nonetheless, craftsmen continued to trade. At the beginning of the period, we can find only a few artisanal trades among the Jewish community. The number of tailors and those working with skins was significant throughout. But by 1828, there are nine artisanal trades while at the very end of the period, the 1848 census of the city’s Jewish population presents us with the entire range of occupations one would expect in a small town with well-developed guilds. At this time, a third of those earning lived by craftsmanship and a total of 250 people were employed in 29 recorded trades. As well as the traditional trades, there were a bookbinder, goldsmith, seal engraver, saddlemaker, pipe maker, and oil maker as well. The 32 Jewish tailors were by this time fully-fledged members of the Hungarian tailor’s guild. We also find local Jews among the first industrial entrepreneurs. Two large pipe-making workshops, the city’s paper mill and the glass workshop in Somhegy were all in the hands of Jews from Pápa. The book gives an overview of the processes of growth and migration, and the social and economic conditions in the first hundred years of the existence of the Jewish population of Pápa. Guided by the extant sources, it picks out occasional trouble spots that can be compared with the clear picture analysis of the detailed census of 1848 gives us. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of conditions in 1848, which may be considered the endpoint of these processes. As well as establishing precisely the size of the contemporary Jewish population of Pápa, the census makes possible a detailed survey of households and family structure as well as a wide-ranging socio-historical survey. The results of this can reflect the real demographic characteristics of the Jewish community in Pápa as it existed at the time. There has been no other family and household analysis of such a sizeable Jewish community as yet. As a result of this analysis, we can say that the demographic behaviour of the Jewish Community in Pápa and the family and household-structure characteristics of the community do not show significant variation when compared to the conclusions drawn by the scholarship on the non-Jewish population of Hungary at the time. The occupational profile of the Jewish community in the hundred years surveyed became differentiated and became more layered - with ever more trades being pursued. This helped to stratify an otherwise legally homogenous community. Though the 1848 census of Jewry has survived from 31 royal counties and fifteen Free Royal Cities of Hungary in its stricter sense, historical research has processed only a fraction of these sources. There has yet to 304
