Megyetörténet. Egyház- és igazgatástörténeti tanulmányok a veszprémi püspökség 1009. évi adománylevele tiszteletére - A Veszprém Megyei Levéltár kiadványai 22. (Veszprém, 2010)
Tanulmányok a megyei igazgatás történetéről - C. Tóth Norbert: A világi igazgatás Magyarországon a Zsigmond-korban, különös tekintettel Veszprém megyére
C. Tóth Norbert Tringli István (2009), Megyék a középkori Magyarországon, in: Neumann Tibor, RÁcz György [szerk.], „Honoris causa", Tanulmányok Engel Pál tiszteletére, Budapest-Piliscsaba. (Társadalom- és művelődéstörténeti tanulmányok 40. - Analecta Mediaevalia III.) 487-518. Zsoldos Attila (2001), Szepes megye kialakulása, Történelmi Szemle 43., 19-31. Zsoldos Attila (2005), Az Árpádok és asszonyaik. A királynéi intézmény az Árpádok korában, Budapest. (Társadalom- és művelődéstörténeti tanulmányok 36.) Secular administration in Hungary during the reign of king Sigismund with Veszprém county in view The description of the secular administration of the Hungarian Kingdom seems to be an easy issue. One may say that counties composed the basic level of administration on the one hand, since it was the king who appointed their counts (comes) and determined their tasks. On the other hand, however, this definition was valid only for a limited part of the kingdom, as bans and the voivode or their deputies exercised rights of counts in the banate of Slavonia and in the annexed counties, in Transylvania or in the counties subordinate to the ban of Macsó. (Not to mention territories of privileged groups: Saxon and Székely seats, institutions of kenézség - etc.) Another question arises at the same time, concerning whether districts could occupy the basic level of administration. Preliminary traits of districts date back to the end of the 14th century (1398), and the first positive data are from 1427. Inchoation and role of districts link them with the central financial management, and following the introduction of the royal direct tax in 1336, districts occured as well. Accordingly, tax collectors gathered the tax by districts, whom were assisted by a district administrator (szolgabíró = judex nobilium) at king Lajos I’s will. Consequently, the number of districts in a county corresponded to that of the szolgabírós, which fact is reassured by sources as well. Thus, one may conclude that districts constituted the basic, administrative level of financial management and had no part in secular administration during the middle ages. Districts divided counties into unequal parts. Borders of a district primarily corresponded to surface relief and hydrography, or the number of nobility. A certain typology may be set up on the basis of connection between districts and the seat of the particular county. Thus, districts may have formed blocks, or been connected to the tribunal-seat via an „aisleway”, or had no common connecting place at all (or not a traceable one). Scholars so far have had different opinions about the number of counties in which only two szolgabírós existed instead of the regular four. Results of this paper show that Árva, Bács, Bodrog, Krassó, Kraszna, Külső-Szolnok, Moson, Pilis, Pozsega, Szerém, Torna, Trencsén. Verőce and Zólyom belong to this group. The reason behind this phenomenon may be that 342
