Horváth M. Ferenc (szerk.): Vác The heart of the Danube Bend. A historical guide for residents and globetrotters (Vác, 2009)
Tartalom
WHAT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS TELL US 35 other as far as their material culture was concerned; however, the process of cultural diffusion taking place in the Late Copper Age resulted in the forming of a large block of culture. As far as we know the Culture of Baden was formed by the merging of the local population of the Mid-Copper Age with the groups of peoples arriving from the south and the east in the middle of 4000 BC, and it spread not only in the best part of the Carpathian Basin but Antler hoe (PMMI-TIM 51.4.23) The classical period of the culture is represented by pots, stone axes, and an antler hoe, a bone chisel and bone awls in the museum of Vác, all of which were found in Derecske Field, on the southern edge of the town centre. Next we should mention the area of the medieval castle (today's King Géza Square), where the first settlers seem to have been people of the Late Copper Age. Although in the course of the medieval construction work the majority of contemporary artefacts and other pieces had been ravaged and destroyed, there is a lucky exception. A beehive-shaped pit contained pot fragments, burnt animal bones, shells and several burnt pieces of daub. With the fragments, a grooved mug typical of the Group of Boleráz and a small pot could be Channel-ornamented mug (PMMI-TIM) Wart-footed bowl - Middle Copper Age (PMMI-TIM 603.1) also outside it. In agriculture besides arable farming, animal husbandry played an important role, especially raising cattle. This has also been confirmed by burial sites other than the one at Baden where both human and cattle skeletons have been found. In the pits of some Baden settlements whole cattle carcasses or only parts of them have been found in large numbers, which allows us to deduce that the animals were buried on some special, ritual occasions. It was the Late Copper Age people who used carts for the first time in Europe, which is buttressed by the scale clay models that occur both in the early period of the Group of Boleráz and in the classical period. The carts were drawn by cattle. The Baden cemeteries also contained several cremation graves besides the ones indicating the skeletal rites. The period is represented by a varied and rich material of findings both in the town centre and the outskirts. If visitors walk through the town from the south to the north, they will pass the spots along the river bank where the remnants of the Baden Culture were excavated. reconstructed. The twig-marked daubs indicate that a wattle-and-daub-walled house could have been standing nearby, which may have burnt down and the remains of the walls were thrown into the rubbish pit. A mug with a handle and a small glass scoop, another characteristic utensil of the culture, have been found in Szentháromság Square. The model of the cart of Budakalász
