Új Szó, 2008. október (61. évfolyam, 227-253. szám)

2008-10-31 / 253. szám, péntek

008. OKTÓBER 31. Angol nyelvlecke 11 Learn English 14 jives Olvasó! Az Új Szó és a British Council együttműködésében hat héten keresztül - a SME napilapban korábban sikeresen megjelentetett - angol nyelvtanfolyamot közlünk 12 leckében. Hetente kétszer - csütörtökön és szombaton - ezen az oldalon érdekes témákat talál, melyek segítségével nemcsak szókincsét bővítheti, hanem angol nyelvtani tudását is tökéletesítheti. Minden lecke egy kvízhérdést is tartalmaz. Ha 2008. május 29-ig a quiz@britishcouncil.sk e-mail címre elküldi mind a 12 helyes választ, átruházható tanfolyamot illetve nyelvtankönyvehet és szótárahat nyerhet. A játékot 2008. június 2-án értékeljük ki. A játékszabályokról és a díjakról a www.britishcouncil.sk címen talál további információkat. A tanfolyammal kapcsolatos véleményét, észrevételeit elküldheti a www.velemeny@ujszo.com címre. A nyelvtanulás akkor a leghatékonyabb, ha olvassa és hallgatja is a szöveget. Reading Article Rainforests rule! A world like no other - perhaps this is the best way to describe the world of the rain­forest. No rainforest is exactly the same - yet most rainforests are now distributed in the small land area 22.5 degrees north and 22.5 degrees south of the Equator, between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. You can find tropical rainforests in South America and Indonesia. Other rainforests flourish further from the Equa­tor, in Thailand and Sri Lanka. Despite occupying a rela­tively small area, rainforests have a colossal role to play in maintaining the world as we know it. Tropical rainforests are home to a rich, colourful variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush in the Ama­zon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. These forests sustain around 50% of all the species on Earth, and offer a way of life to many people living in and around the forest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet - storing vast quan­tities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close to­gether, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate tactic to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more dif­ficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump, fly or glide across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where leaves decompose into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rain­forests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal - and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain - your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other coun­tries in need of rain. Worryingly, rainforests around the world are dis­appearing at an alarming rate, thanks to deforestation, river pollution, and soil erosion as land is being claimed for agri­culture and trees are felled for wood. A few thousand years ago, tropical rainforests co­vered as much as 12% of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 5.3%. We can only hope that the world governments work to­gether with environmentalists and businesses to use their envi­ronmental knowledge and power to preserve the rainforests - awe­inspiring, beautiful and vital for our existence. pssiApe -s ‘pauitep -f ‘pastuicud ■£ ‘pajsaSSns 'z ‘pasnpj i reuruiej;) uotsora pos pue uopnqod .isau ‘uopeisajojap jo asneoaq Suueaddesip aresisarojuieg •£ ‘uter ou si aratp araqM saixjunoo oj jaAep ueo sisarojuier mop spnop uibh y haqio qoea qanoy joaou saap oaaj jo saneaj atp asneoaq saseastp aap jo peards atp dojs sjsaiojuiBH £ ‘uaSAxo s,ppoM aqj jo }oj e aanpord pueapixoip uoqrea arojs Aatp asneoaq yauejd aqi jo sSunj aqi pajjeo are Aaqx 'Z ‘utoaudej jo aidoix atp pue raaueo jo aidojx atp uaaAAjaq are sisaiojuier jsoyv t uoisuaqard uioa paAiAins s ‘uteisns 't paaiord •£ ‘Suisu ‘z ‘arojs *i ArejnqeooA Aan - i9|nj sjsajojmey Vticabula S words/phrases from the text 1. to sustain: to supply with the necessities of life 2. to store: to accumulate something for future use 3. to protect: to guard against danger 4. to survive: to continue in existence 5. to rise: to grow upwards Vocabulary Vocabulary gap fill. Now use the 5 words/phrases to fill the gaps in the sentences below: 1. Some animals ................ nuts and fruit ready for the long winter months when food is difficult to find. 2. The World Wildlife Asso­ciations insists that the number of endangered species is .................every year. 3. Chameleons and other reptiles use camouflage to .............. themselves from predators. 4. The world cannot possibly ................ the current growth in pollution. 5. His grandfather ................ two wars and lived to the age of ninety-nine.. — Reading Comprehension Answer the 5 questions using information from the article. 1. Where are most rain­forests located?. 2. Why are rainforests called the lungs of the planet? 3. How do rainforests stop tree diseases from sprea ding? 4. How can rainforests help countries without rain? 5. Why are rainforests dis­appearing? Quiz Question 14 Harrods is situated in this part of London. Grammar Reported speech (2) Remember that in reported speech we usually change the tense of the direct statement. The present simple tense changes to the past simple, the past simple changes to the past perfect and so on. Here are some other points to consider. ‘Can’ and ‘will’ Direct speech: "I can’t remember his name.” Reported speech: She said she couldn't remember his name. ’Can’ and 'can’t' in direct speech change to 'could' and ‘couldn’t’ in reported speech. Direct speech: “I'll be therefor 3 weeks." Reported speech: He told me he'd be therefor 3 weeks. ‘Will and 'won't' in direct speech change to ‘would' and ’wouldn't’ in reported speech. Other modal verbs Direct speech: ‘‘You could be right.” Reported speech: I said that he could be right. Direct speech: "You must call me.” Reported speech: She said that I must call her. Other modal verbs don’t change in reported speech. Reporting orders, requests and advice Direct speech: “Sit down and shut up!” Reported speech: The teacher told me to sit down and shut up. Direct speech: “Can you hold this for me please?" Reported speech: He asked me to hold it. Direct speech: “You should do more exercise.” Reported speech: He advised me to do more exercise.-A Orders, request and advice can be reported using an infinitive. Reporting verbs There are a number of verbs that we use to report statements. These can make your speech and writing more interesting than simply reporting every word of the direct speech. Direct speech: “It wasn't me who broke the window."? He denied breaking the window. Direct speech: “III help you if you want"? She offered to help. There are a number of verbs that can be used to report. They include: promise, claim, suggest, advise, refuse, argue, confirm and others. Exercise Change these direct speech statements to reported speech. 1 "I won’t tell you where I’ve hidden it!” He [l] to tell me where he’d hidden it. 2 “Why don’t you go to Greece? It’s beautiful.” She [2] that we go to Greece. 3 "I won’t lose it and I’ll bring it back tomorrow.” He [3] not to lose it. 4 “It wasn’t me! It was Pete!” He [4] that it had been Pete, not him. 5 “You should report it to the police.” She [5] us to report it to the police. — Megrendelőlap Név: Utca, házszám: Település: .....................................................Irányítószám:.................................................... Telefonszám: .........................................E-mail:...................................................................... Utánvéttel megrendelem az angol nyelvtanfolyam egyes CD-it 49 koronáért (1,62 €) + postaköltség* CDI .......db CD II.......db CD III.......db Aláírás:............................................................ Utánvéttel megrendelem mindhárom angol nyelvi CD-t, összesen 147 koronáért (4,87 €) + postaköltség* *1 és 2db angol nyelvi CD megrendelése esetén a postaköltség 40 korona (1,32 €), 3 és több CD esetében 80 korona (2,65 €). A kitöltött szelvényt küldje el a következő címre: Petit Press, a.s., edičné oddelenie, Lazaretská 12,814 64 Bratislava, vagy a 02/59 233 339-es faxszámra. BRITISH COUNCIL Fedezze fel Nagy-Britanniát a Brit Központokban! Ha érdeklődik az angol nyelv tanítása vagy tanulása iránt, szívesen olvas brit irodalmat, érdeklik a legújabb trendek, látogasson el pozsonyi központunkba vagy a kassai, besztercebányai vagy a nyitrai Brit Központba. Könyv- és folyóiratgyűjteményünk, elektronikus források tárháza valamint készséges alkalmazottaink várják önöket, hogy megtalálják azokat az információkat, melyekre szükségük van. Részletekért klikkeljen a www.britishcouncil.sk honlapra. British Council, Panská 17, Pozsony, info@britishcouncil.sk

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