The Eighth Tribe, 1978 (5. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1978-04-01 / 4. szám
April, 1978 THE EIGHTH TRIBE Page 13 Landowner ship as the Basis of Feudalism Coloman tried to be faithful to the traditions laid down by King Ladislas, and he also continued his predecessor’s policies in emphasizing the significance of private property, especially as relating to landownership. He grouped the lands that were not part of his patrimonial estates into three separate categories: (1) the patrimonium, owned by virtue of first conquest or through grants by King St. Stephen; (2) the beneficium, granted by the successors of St. Stephen; and (3) purchased land acquired independently from royal grants. The patrimonium was an inalienable communal land owned collectively by all members of a specific clan. Grants made by later kings were also inalienable, but they could be inherited only by the male descendants of the initial owner and of his brother or brothers. In the absence of legal descendants, the lands in both of these categories reverted to the king for his free disposition. Purchased lands had no such limitations upon them, and they could be freely disposed of at the will of the owners. This system of landownership had much to do with the direction of Hungary’s social development in the course of the next two centuries. It may have been the primary cause for the development of the hereditary landed nobility and of the eventual transformation of Hungary from a “patrimonial” to a “feudal” type of kingdom. That development, however, did not occur until the thirteenth century. The Empire against the Papacy One of the basic problems Kings Ladislas and Coloman had to face during their rule was the general European conflict produced by the so-called “investiture controversy,” a struggle between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy. In theory these two leaders of Western Christendom worked in harmony, the first dealing with temporal, and the second with spiritual affairs. In practice, however, such a harmony rarely, if ever, existed. As fate would have it, King Ladislas ascended the throne precisely at the time when the rivalry between these two leaders of Christendom flared out of control, resulting in an open and bitter clash between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. In light of this open clash, most of the Christian rulers of Europe were forced to choose, and to throw in their lot with one of the two combatants. And the king of Hungary was no exception. In view of Hungary’s endangered position on the eastern frontiers 99 HUNGARIAN RADIO PROGRAMS Pennsylvania WAMO — 106 FM, — Pittsburgh, Pa. Sunday, 1:30 P.M. — Garden of Hungarian Music. Hostess: Miss Julia Orosz WEDO — 810 AM, McKeesport, Pa. Sunday afternoon: 2:45 to 3:00 — The Hungarian Reformed Radio Program — Sponsored by the Western Pennsylvania Hungarian Protestant Churches. 3:00 to 3:30 — Hungarian Hour — Host: Dr. Victor Molnár. WDUQ — 90.5 FM, Pittsburgh, Pa. Saturday evening, 6 to 7 o’clock: “Music from Europe” — Host: Dr. Victor Molnár. New York WHBI-FM — 105.9, New York, N.Y. Hungarian Protestant Radio Worship Service Sunday afternoon at 1:45. New Jersey WCTC — 1450 AM — New Brunswick, NJ. Sunday afternoon 12:15 to 1:30. Kara’s Hungarian Melody Time. Ohio WZAK — F.M. 93.1 — Cleveland, 0. Thursday and Friday evenings from 7:30. — Dr. Paul Löte, Dr. Zsigmond Molnár and László Rózsa announcers. WBKC — 1560 AM — Chardon, Ohio Sunday afternoon — 2 to 3 oclock. “HUNGARIAN AMERICAN HOUR” Hostess: Mrs. Henry (Pota) McBride Phone: 286-3433 WKTL — 90.7 F.M. — Struthers, Ohio. Saturday afternoon 2 p.m. to 3 pan. Requests taken during program or writing: Hungarian Radio Hour, Rev. Vitéz Baán, 454 N. Bella Vista Ave., Youngstown, Ohio 44509. WVUD — F. M. 100 —Dayton, Ohio Sunday morning 9 to 10 o’clock. “MUSIC OF HUNGARY” Bringing Hungarian music to the people of Central and Southwestern Ohio, parts of Kentucky and Indiana. Director: Albert G. Kertesz We ask other Radio Program Directors to send in the time of their programs, so we can include them in this column. — editor. If you know of some persons, who should receice this magazine, — please send us their names and addresses. Please do not throw this magazine away after reading it — give it to a friend.
