The Eighth Tribe, 1978 (5. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1978-12-01 / 12. szám
December, 1978 THE EIGHTH TRIBE Page 11 by only one of the three component parts of medieval culture — the culture of the Church. — could develop fully. The culture of the feudal lords (knighthood) remained confined largely to the royal court; while the culture of the burgher towns could not produce significant results until the final phase of the Middle Ages in the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. This delay in urban developments and in the rise of a viable urban culture was largely responsible for the fact that Hungary’s secular intelligentsia of that period was largely of noble and not of burgher origin. The role of the secular intelligentsia, however, was rather limited to the end of that period. During the eleventh and the twelfth centuries such intelligentsia did not as yet exist, and Hungary’s cultural and intellectual developments were all connected with the activities of the Christian clergy. (Horváth: Ülagy. Írod. kezd., 1-17; Kardos: Középkori kultúra, 22-107.) The Benedictine Order and the Introduction of Literacy and Learning in Hungary The triumph of Roman (Latin) Christianity among the Magyars meant also the triumph of the Latin literary language, as well as the spread of Western (German, Italian and French), rather than Byzantine cultural influences. Like in Western Europe during that period, the chief exponents of this Western Christian culture in Hungary were the members of the Benedictine Order. They came mostly from Germany, Italy and France, and they spread the new Christian culture and reform spirit with much zeal and knowledge. The Benedictines had established their first Hungarian monastery in 966 A.D. at Pannonhalma, which immediately became their main base as well as the first center of Christian learning in Hungary. In the course of the eleventh century they founded a number of additional monasteries (e.g. Bakonybél, Pécsvárad, Zoborhegy, Zalavár, Tihany, Somogy vár, etc.), and — by occupying most of the episcopal and metropolitan sees — they also established their control over the whole Hungarian Church. In conjunction with the monasteries and main cathedrals, they also established schools, whose primary function was to educate native priests. In addition to the essentials of priestly education, the curriculum of these schools consisted largely of the so-called trivium of medieval learning (i.e. grammar, rhetoric and logic). The study of the so-called quadrivium (i.e. arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) was less common. Yet, by the twelfth century a number of the better schools may also have taught the latter subjects. 123 siege of Port Hudson, La., July 1863. Entered Service at: ............. Birth: .............. Date of Issue: 10 Mar. 1896. Citation: Voluntarily exposed himself to the enemy only a few feet away to render valuable services for the protection of his comrades. • » STAHEL, JULIUS Rank and Organization: Major General, United States Volunteers. Place and Date: At Piedmont, Va., 5 June 1864. Entered Service at: ............. Birth: Hungary. Date of Issue: 4 Nov. 1893. Citation: Led his division into action until he was severely wounded. • « VADAS, ALBERT Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. (Name changed to Wadas, Albert.) Born: 26 March 1876, Austria-Hungary. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 527, 7 July 1899. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Marblehead during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, 11 May 1898. Facing the heavy fire of the enemy, Vadas displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this period. Don t forget to send your Donation to the Eighth Tribe Foundation disregard for his own safety and profound concern for his fellow soldiers, Sergeant Rabel averted the loss of life and injury to the other members of Team Delta. By his conspicuous gallantry at the cost of his own life in the highest traditions of the military servce, Staff Sergeant Ráhel has reflected great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army. * * TABOR, WILLIAM L. S. Rank and Organization: Private, Company K, 15th New Hampshire Infantry. Place and Date: At the Coining Events News items should be sent in by the first of the previous month. So it can be inserted before the event takes place.—Editor. If you krunv anyone, who would like to receive this magazine, please send us his name and address.
