The Eighth Tribe, 1977 (4. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1977-06-01 / 6. szám
June, 1977 THE EIGHTH TRIBE Page 7 Magyars follow the orders of the chief called dzhula.” (Győrffy: Honfoglalásról, p. 86). What we see here, therefore, is the typical system of “double kingship’ that was practiced by a number of people in world history, including the Khazars and the Japanese. Thus, in the latter case, the country’s supreme ruler was the god-emperor, the Tenno or Mikado. But the real power was held by his alleged subordinate, the Shogun. And this system remained intact for about a thousand years, until the Meji restoration of 1867, when the institution of the shogunate was overthrown and Emperor Meji allegedly restored to power. The situation was similar with the Khazars. There too, the supreme ruler was the god-emperor, the Khagan or Great Khan. But the exercise of power was reserved for the vice-emperor, or the Khagan-Beh. The Khagan was regarded and treated as a divine being. He could appear before the people only once in four months, and he could rule only for forty years. If he had the misfortune to live longer, he was simply killed in the form of a ritual murder. (While we do not know the exact reason, this Khazar custom may also give us an explanation why Álmos was killed when the Magyars entered Transylvania at the time of the Árpádian conquest of Hungary. According to another view, Álmos’s ritual murder was the result of the defeat that the Magyars suffered at the hands of the Pechenegs at the time of this “second conquest.”) (Győrffy: Honfoglalásról, p. 39.) It was, therefore, under Khazar influence that the Magyars of Levedia developed the intstitution of “double kingship.” Their supreme ruler was the kiindii {kende), who was also more of an overseer, than an executor of power. Yet, he seems to have had a much greater role in actual ruling than did his Khazar or Japanese counterparts. Scholars generally believe that the kiindii must have been the appointee of the Khazar Khagan, or at least the representative of Khazar power and sovereignty ovet the Magyar tribal federation. Whatever the case, much of the actual ruling was exercised by his theoretical subordinate the dzhula {gyula), who probably represented the interests of the Magyars against the Khazars. This would also explain why, following the Magyar declaration of independence from the Khazars in the 820’s, the power of the kiindii began to decline, while that of the gyula increased. Notwithstanding these changes, however, the institution of the “double kingship” among the Magyars remained intact. And thus — 34 as well as grant-in-aid from the Hungarian American Reformed Federation of America, Washington, D. C., in 1975. A theme, which had been submitted to the latter-named organization, written by him, entitled “The Contributions Made by American Hungarians in the Historical and Cultural Development of America” was included in the November, 1974 edition of The Eighth Tribe. * * * Edward S. Barboe will be receiving his diploma from J. P. Stevens High School, Edison, N. J., upon completion of his Junior year this June rather than with the Class of ’78; he has been accepted for advance enrollment this fall at the Rutgers College of Engineering, New Brunswick, N. J. Christine is a Rotary Honor Student and is a member of the National Honor Society. Treasurer of Junior Achievement and Vice President of the Senior Class and was Validictorian of the Senior Class of 1977 at McKeesport High School. She won scholarships from the McKeesport College Club, the Parent- Teacher Association and the University of Pittsburgh and was honored by the Pittsburgh Chapter of Pa. Institute of Certified Public Accountants with an award. Her extra-curricular activities included membership in the French Club and the Latin Club. She served as treasurer of the local chapter of the Junior Achievement and will travel to the University of Indiana in August for national competition. Christine also serves on the Teen Board at a local department store where she participates in numerous fashion shows. Her college choice is the University of Pittsburgh and her major — premedicine. Christine Szarka is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Szarka, of 1126 Monongahela Blvd., McKeesport, Pa. She is the third girl of a family of five daughters. Louis J. Youngmayer, son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Youngmayer of Monroeville, Pa. Louis graduated from Gateway High School. He will start on the dental technician program at Connelley Skill Learning Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.
