The Eighth Tribe, 1977 (4. évfolyam, 1-12. szám)
1977-11-01 / 11. szám
Page 10 THE EIGHTH TRIBE November, 1977 HUNGARIAN RADIO PROGRAMS Pennsylvania WAMO — 106 FM, — Pittsburgh, Pa. Sunday, 1:30 P.M. — Garden of Hungarian Music. Hostess: Miss Julia Orosz WEDO — 810 AM, McKeesport, Pa. Sunday afternoon: 2:45 to 3:00 — The Hungarian Reformed Radio Program — Sponsored by the Western Pennsylvania Hungarian Protestant Churches. 3:00 to 3:30 — Hungarian Hour — Host: Dr. Victor Molnár. WDUQ — 90.5 FM, Pittsburgh, Pa. Saturday evening, 6 to 7 o’clock: “Music from Europe” — Host: Dr. Victor Molnár. New York WHBI-FM — 105.9, New York, N.Y. Hungarian Protestant Radio Worship Service Sunday afternoon at 1:45. New Jersey WCTC — 1450 AM — New Brunswick, N.J. Sunday afternoon 12:15 to 1:30. Kara’s Hungarian Melody Time. Ohio WZAK — F.M. 93.1 — Cleveland, O. Thursday and Friday evenings from 7:30. — Anton Krasznai, Dr. Paul Lote, Dr. Zsigmond Molnár and László Rózsa announcers. WBKC — 1560 AM — Chardon, Ohio Sunday afternoon — 2 to 3 oclock. “HUNGARIAN AMERICAN HOUR” Hostess: Mrs. Henry (Pota) McBride Phone: 286-3433 WKTL — 90.7 F.M. — Struthers, Ohio. Saturday afternoon 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. Requests taken during program or writing: Hungarian Radio Hour, Rev. Vitéz Baán, 454 N. Bella Vista Ave., Youngstown, Ohio 44509. course of these campaigns they traversed Germany, Italy, France, Spain, as well as the Balkans. Past historians have generally called these campaigns “maurading expeditions.” The Magyars allegedly took advantage of the political disunity and feudal anarchy of Western Europe, and of the internal turmoils in the Byzantine Empire, and attacked them simply to enrich themselves through plunder. This view, however, is no longer tenable. Several historians now view these Magyar campaigns as being the results of a conscious policy. Sz. de Vajay, for example, demonstrated conclusively that the Magyars were thoroughly informed about political developments in Western Europe, and their armies usually appeared at the time and place when and where conditions were most favorable for them. Moreover, they almost always went as military allies of one or another of the feuding princes or rulers of contemporary Europe. True, at times they were deceived, as in 904, when kiindii Kurszán fell victim to a Bavarian plot. (Kurszán and his retinue were invited to a banquet and then murdered by their hosts.) At other times a number of their armies were defeated (e.g. in 913 by Arnulf of Bavaria, and in 933 by Emperor Henry the Fowler at Merseburg). Yet, not until Emperor Otto’s major victory in 955 at Augsburg (Lechfeld) did the Magyars cease their campaigns against the West and settle down to organize themselves into a lasting European state. (Vajay: Der Eintritt, pp. 81-86.) The campaigns connected with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the consoldation of Magyar power there were undoubtedly under the coordinated leadership of the kiindii (Kurszán) and the gyula (Árpád). Following their death in 904 and 907, however, subsequent campaigns became increasingly the results of individual efforts by some of the powerful tribal chiefs. In light of the decline of princely powers, they may not even have always consulted the ruling prince. But it is more likely that the weakened princes acquiesced to these military campaigns partially to strengthen the Magyar power position among the nations of Europe, and partially to direct the energies of the powerful chiefs toward foreign adventures and thereby prevent their upsetting the delicate balance of power at home. Moreover, by keeping their powerful neighbors at bay, they were also given time to prepare the ground for the eventual transformation of the Magyar tribal federation into a true nation, at the same time while establishing permanent roots in their new homeland. The success of the Magyar campaigns during the first half of the tenth century was due largely to the fighting methods of their armies. 66 Letter to the Editor:— Oct. 17, 1977 Gentlemen: Hungarian greetings. I continue to enjoy reading the Eighth Tribe in this state so far away from the centers of Hungarian culture in America. Enclosed is yearly subscription of $8.00. Please continue your good work in spreading Hungarian culture in America. Sincerely, John A. Bernay Seabrook, Texas Please do not throw this magazine away after reading it — give it to a friend.
