Szittyakürt, 1978 (17. évfolyam, 1-9. szám)

1978-09-01 / 9. szám

SEPTEMBER 1978 íWHftn Page 3 As for the name «Scythian», C. Gostony (1975) deduces it from the Sumerian sag + ud — da — bright head = Sumerian, the name through which the Sume­­rias denoted themselves. The latin name of the arms of the Scythians (sagitta), seems to come from the name of the people (Sagudda) who were the first to use the arrow as the main weapon of the whole nation. Considering the spreading out of the Scythians, it is not difficult to understand that their ba­sic language reached Lappland, China (Sajnovics, 1972), the Indus valley, the Indonesian and Pacific Islands (Hevesy, 1932; Uxbond, 1928; Vámos, 1976). There are some scholars who state therefore, that the Hungarian (Magyar) is one of the archaic languages of the world (Kemény, 1975). Idrite looking for the vestiges of the Magyars (cf.: Mada and Kiengir - Hcngar - Hungar) in Tibet Körösi Csorna (Térjék, 1971), stated: «the study of the Sanscrit language, together with Hungarian, is more fruitful for scholars than any other language». The affinities of the two languages is not only evident in the lexical material but also in the structure of nouns and verbs; these two languages do not use praepositions (but postpositions), nor auxiliary verbs (Tudományos Gyűjtemény. 1836. o. 129. Körösi. 1834). That the great language-families have common roots was already known a long time ago. Even now we see, how harmful it was to obstruct the investigation of the affinities of languages on a large scale. Especially in Hungary this was quite tragic. Unfortunately linguistic and historical studies are often conditioned by political motivations. After the defeat of the Kossuth’s war of independence bv the Austrian-Russian army in 1849, the Austrian government attempted to oppress not only the military but also the spiritual resistance of the Magyars. The previous reform­­generation led by Count Széchenyi would have saved and foster the precious Hungarian traditions in historiography and literature. Contrary to this, Bach, the Austrian minister of the Interior, forced an Indoeuropean line into the scientific life. «The population was still terrorized by endless executions and political oppression. The political and cultural centers became empty. The flourishing academic life of the country came_to a halt. What little was still going on was to be forced to function as a pendant of the political power... Absolutism attacked the Hungarian Academy too. The police chief of Budapest called upon Count József Teleki, President of the Academy, on October 13, 1853 instructing him that the learned society founded by Széchenyi must change its constitution and then request his approval...». After a lengthly hassle, tfie new constitution was approved in February 1858, but with changes that threa­tened the national character of the Academy. Riassunlo: II sistema simbolico (pittografico) della scrittura é stato sviluppato no­ve millenni fa in Eurasia. Questa comunione spirituale perö cominciö presto a di­­sfarsi in seguito al polifonismo dei simboli. Secondo recenti scoperte. la prima scrittura fonetica si c sviluppata da simboli pittografici pre-sumerici (Djemdet Nasr), i quali esistevano giä in Transilvania un millennio prima, come provato da scien­­ziati sovietici. Altri studiosi dimostrano l'esistenza di una parentela fra i simboli Scito-Ungarici e Sumerici in ca. il 60% dell’alfabeto, nelle lettere iniziali delle parole-base. Oggi é giä definitivamente provata l'afTinitä del linguaggio ungherese (turco. ftnno-ugrico. uralico) col sumerico non soltanto riguardo al lessico e alia struttura ma anche nella scrittura e nella pronuncia. Resume: Le Systeme de lecriture symbolique c’est développé dans le 7éme millé­­naire a. J.-C. in Eurasie. Cette uniformité dans la communication spirituelle a ce­­pendant commencé ä se decomposer bientót en consequence de la successive poli­­phonisation des symboles. Selon les plus récentes découvertes. le premier systéme decriture phonétique c’est développé a partir de la pictographie pré-Sumérienne (Djemdet Nasr) et existait déja en Transylvanie un millénaire avant, comme quel­ques archéologues soviétiques rafíirment. D'autres savants prouvent que le systeme de l'écriture Scythique-Hongroise est apparenté avec la pictographie sumérienne scion une correspondance dans ca. 60% di l’alphabet, rcspectivement dans la pre­miere lettre des mots de base. Le Hongrois (Turque, Finno-Ougrien. Uralique) et le Sumérien ont été prouvés similaires non seulment en matiére de lexique et de structure mais aussi en écriture et prononciation. REFERENCES ALBRIGHT W.F. & TO. LAMBDIN 1967 - The evidence of language, The Cam­bridge Ancient History, Cambridge (University Press), Vol. I, chapt. IV (Fasc. 54), Rev. ed., 40 pp. ARTAMONOV I.M. 1962 - Istoria Hazar, Leningrad (Eremitage). AVGYIJEV V.l. 1960 - Az ókori kelet kutatásának 40 éve a Szovjetunióban, Budapest (Tan­­könyvkiadó). BAD1NY J.F. 1974 - The Sumerian Wonder, Buenos Aires (University of Salvador). BARATH T. 1968-1974 - A magvar népek őstörténete, Vol. I. II. 111. Montreal (Ed. Ba ráth). BOBULA I. 1960 - Sumerian technology. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, Anno 1959, pp. 637-675. 1966 - Origin of the Hungarian Nation. Gainesville, Fla. (Danubian Research Center). CSICSAKY J. 1938 - Mu, az emberiség szülőföldje, Buda­pest (University Press). CSŐKÉ S. 1970 - Szumir-magyar egyeztető szótár, Eber­stein (Ed. Csőké). 1973 - Das Urartäische, das russische und die ural-altaischen Sprachen, Eber­stein (Ed. Csöke). 1974 - Sumér-finn-mongol-török összehasonlí­tó szótár, Buenos Aires (Magyar ös­­kutatás). CZEGLÉDY K. 1934 - Monographs on Syriac and Muham­­madam sources in the literary re­mains of M. Kmoskó, Budapest (Aka­démia). DIAKONOFF I.M. 1971 - Hurrisch und Urartäisch, München (R. Kitzinger). DOLGOPOLSK1 AB. 1973a - Sravtinel'no istoritseskaja fonetika ku­­sitskih jazykov, Moscow (Ed. Aka­­demja Nauk SSSR, Institut Jarikor­­nania), 398 pp. 1973b - Materialy po lexika jazyka hadija, (Bezpismennye i mladopismennye ja­­ryki Afriki), Moscow, pp. 67-82. 1973c - Boreisch-Ursprache Eurasien. Bild der Wissenschaft, October 1973, 6 PP­ENDREY A. 1975 - Sons of Nimrod. The Origin of Hungarians, Melbourne (The Haw­thorn Press). ERDÉLYI I. 1975 - A volgai bolgárok. Élet és Tudomá­ny. N. 47, pp. 2242-2246. In 1876 Ágoston Trefort, minister of Education, convoked the Hungarian linguists and declared: «.We don't need Asian but European relatives, therefore in future scholarship, college posts, journeys abroad for purposes of study, will be accorded only to those who are working along the lines of the Finno-Hungarian affinity». Administrative measures of this kind contributed to the foundation of an exclusive Finno-Ugric linguistic relationship (Hary 1975, p. 94). This anti-Turanian trend in the Indoeuropean linguistic circles is still dominating today, although the last slaughter on a large scale was instituted bv Indogermans and not by Turanians. Sayce (1908) pointed out: «European scholars had long been nursing the comfortable belief that the white race primarly and the natives of Eu­rope secondary, were ipso-jacto superior to the rest of mankind and to them belonged of right the origin and development of civilization. The discovery of the common parentage of the Indo-European languages had come to strengthen the belief that in Sanscrit we had found, if not the primeval language, at least a language that was very near to it and idyllic pictures were painted of the primitive Aryan community living in its Asiatic home and already possessed of the elements of its later culture. Outside and beyond it were the Barbarian «races», yellow and brown and black, with oblique eyes and narrow foreheads, whose intelligence was not much above that of the brute beasts. Such culture as some of them may have had, was derived from the white race and perhaps spoilt in the borrowing. The idea of the rise of a civilization outside the limits of the white race was regarded as a paradox». It was exactly this paradox to which the first decipherers of Assyrian cuneiform found themselves forced. Another paradox was added to it: not only did the civilization of the Euphrates and Tigris originate among the race that spoke an agglutinative language and therefore was neither Aryan nor Semitic but, further, the civilization of the Semitic Babylonians and Assyrians was borrowed from this older civilization along with the cuneiform system of writing (Erdy, 1974, pp. 375- 376). It seemed impossible that so revolutionary a doctrine could be true and Se­mitic philologists naturally denounced it. For centuries, Hebrew had been supposed to have been the language of Paradise and the old belief which made the Semitic Adam the first civilized man continued to unconsciously affect the Semitic scho­lars of the nineteenth century. It was hard to part with the prejudices of early education especially when they were called upon to do so by a small group of men whose method of decipherment was an enigma to the ordinary gramma­rian, and who were introducing new and dangerous principles into the study of the extinct Semitic tongues». ERDY M. 1974 - The Sumerian, Ural-Altaic, Magyar relationship: A history of research, New York (Gilgames). GELB LJ. 1863 - A Study of Writing, Chicago (The University Chicago Press, A Phoenix Book). GIÜITEMENY 1836 - See: Tudományos GOSTONY C. 1975 - Dictionnaire d'étymologie Sumérien­ne et grammaire comparée, Paris (E. de Boccard). GYULAI P. 1972 - Torma Zsófia levelesládájából, Bucha­rest (Kriterion-Téka). HARY G. 1975 - Egy ősi világnyelv teltárása küszöbén. Magyar Mult, Vol. IV, n. 2, pp. 35- 49. 1976 - Kiegészítések egy nyelvvita történe­téhez. Valóság. October 1976, pp. 94-101. HAWKES J. & L. WOOLLEY 1964 - History of mankind's cultural and scientific development, London (Al­len and Unwin), 2nd edition. HELMI P. 1973 - Alku Kotime on Egypti, Helsinki (Lindström OíTst Ky.). HEVESY W. 1932 - Finnisch-ugrisches aus Indien. Das vorarisch Indien teilweise finnisch-u­grisch, Wien (Manz). HINCKS E 1857 - On the relation between the newly­­discovered Accadian Language and the Indo-European. Semitic and Egyp­tian Languages. Transactions, Lon­don 1858, pp. 134-143. HOOD M.S.F. 1968 - The Tartaria Tablets. Scientific Ame­rican, May, pp. 30-37. flYMES D. 1960 - Lexicostatistics so far, CA. Vol. I, pp. 3-44. 1 ESTIN R 1951 - Abregé de Grammaire Sumérienne. Paris (Ed. de Boccard). KALICZ N. 1970 - Clay gods, Budapest (Corvina). KEMÉNY F. 1975 - Das Sprechenlernen der Völker, Wien (Universitäts Druckerei). KONSTANTINOS PORPHYROGENITOS ca. 1050 - De administrando Imperio. En­glish translation by R.J.H. Jenkins. Washington 1967; Commentary: Lon­don 1962. KÖRÖSI CSOMA S. 1834a-A Grammar of the tibetan language in english. Calcutta (Baptist Mission Press). 1834b-Essay towards a Dictionary, tibetan and english, Calcutta (Baptist Mis­sion Press). KRAMER S.N. 1963 - The Sumerians. Chicago (University of Chicago Press). LÁSZLÓ G. 1974 - Vértesszöllostöl Pusztaszerig. Buda­pest (Gondolat). LEHMANN C.F. 1892 - Samassumukin. Leipzig (Hindichs' sehe Buchhandl.). MACARTNEY C.A. 1930 - The Magyars in the Ninth Century. Cambridge (University Press). MONGAIT A 1959 - Larcheologie en URSS, Moscou (E- dition étrangére). MORAVCS1K G. 1970 - Byzantium and the Magyars, Buda­pest (Akadémiai). MUNKÁCSI B. 1892 - Vogul népköltési gyűjtemény l-IV, Budapest (Akadémiai). NAGYFALUSY L. 1926 - Az ural-altáji nyelvek öselcmei az ékiratokban. A Kalocsai Jézus-Tár­sasági főgimnázium értesítője, Kalo­csa, 102 pp. NORRIS E 1852 - Memoir on the Scythic version of the Beristun inscription, fournal Roy. Asiatic Soc., Vol. 15, 1855, pp. 1-52. PATKANOW 1900 - A szabirok nemzetisége. Budapest (Et­nográfia). PERLOV B. 1975 - Tatárlak üzenete, Technika-Molodez­­si, n. 12, 12 pp. PELIH G.J. 1972 - A szelkupok eredete. Tomszk (Edi­tion of the University of Tomsk). PETTINATO G. 1971 - Das altorientalische Menschenbild und die sumerischen und akkadischen Schöpfungsmythen, Heidelberg (Carl Winter-Uni versi tat sverlag). POGRÁNYI NF. 1936-37 - Analytisch-historisch-vergleichende Grammatik der Sumerischen und E- truskischen (Ungarischen. Baskischen) Sprache als Vorstudie einer verglei­chenden Grammatik der Asianischen Sprachen. Budapest (Mimeographed). 1942 - Per quäle ragione devono uccuparsi gli italiani della preistoria ungherese e gli ungheresi dclTetruscologia? Ro­ma (Tipográfia Scuola Salcsiana. Bi­­bliotcca dcU'Accademia d'Ungheria di Koma. 29). RAWLINSON H. 1847 - The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Beristun; with a Memoir, fournal Roy. Asiatic Soc., Vol. 10. 1847, pp l-LXXI + 1-349; ibid. Vol. 11, 1849, pp. 1-192. ROSKA M 1941 - A Torma Zsófia gyűjtemény - Die Sammlung Zsófia von Torma - az Erdélyi Nemzeti Muzeum érem - és régiségtárában. Kolozsvár (Mi­nerva). SAINOVICS I 1972 - A Demonstrációról (Holovics Flo­rian). Magyar Nyelv., Vol. LXV1II, n. 4. 4 pp. OLDIAS S. 1S75 - Az-f-ja - Sumer (Zazoushy). OPPENHEIM A L. 1954 . The Seafaring Merchants of Ur, fournal of the Am. Or. Soc., Vol. 74. pp. 6-17. ORBÁN A 1975 - Folio Hungarica - Déli magyar ősha­za /-//, Garfield (Szatmári). PADÁNYI V. 1963 - Dentumagyaria. Buenos Aires (Tran­sylvania). SAYCE AH. Name, Alma Ata 1908 - The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions. London (Soc. Prom, christ. Knowl.). SPEISER E A 1952 • Some factors in the Collopse of Akkad. Journal of the Am. Or. Soc., Vol. 72. pp. 97-105. SULEIMONOV O. 1975 - Az-j-ja - Sumer - Name, Alma Ata (Zazoushy). TELEGDI I. 1558 • Rudimenta linguae Scythicae, Leyden. 1903 - Rudimentájának Hamburgi és maros­vásárhelyi Kérivata. Magyar Könyv­­zemle, Budapest (Athenaeum). 36 pp. TÉRJÉK J. 1971 - Tudósítások Körösi Csorna Sándorról. Budapest (Körösi Csorna Társaság). TORMA Z 1972 • Sec: Gyulai Pál. Érdy, Badiny. TUDOMÁNYOS GYÜITEMÉNY 1856 • Ed. Trattncr és Károly. Sec: Térjék. UNGNAD A. 1949 - Grammatik des Akkadischen mit Ü- bungshuclt. München. UXBOND F A. 1928 - Munda - Magyar ■ Maori. An Indian Link between the Antipodes. Lon­don (Luzac and Co.). VÁMOS T.S. 19.76 - Pohamara - ezer osmagyar név a Kárpátokon tál, Hawai. VLASSA N 1965 • Chronolog> of the Neolithic in Tran­sylvania. in the l.igth of the Tarta­ria Settlements Stratigraphy Dacia. \ol. 7. pp 48V4‘*4. VOGUL Sec: Munkácsi. WESTERGAARD N L 1844 • On the deciphering of the Second Archaemcnian or Median Species of Arrowheaded Writing. Memoires de la Sociélé Royal des Antiquaries du Nord. Copcnhaguc. 1840-1844, pp. 271-439. ZAKAR A 1970 • A Sumer nyelvről. Södcrtäljc (Északi Vártán). 1971 - Sumerian-Ural-Altaic Affinities. Cur­rent Anthropology. Vol. 12. n. 2. pp 215 225; Vol. 13. n 1. 2; Vol. 13. n. 3-4. p. 345; Vol. 14. n. 3. p. 173: Vol. 14. n. 4. pp. 495-495; Vol. 15, n. 5. pp. 526-327; Vol. 16. n. 4 pp 105-115; Vol. 17, n. 1. pp. 115 118; Vol. 17. n 4. pp. 777-778. lT72a-On the Sumerian language. Magyar Muh. Vol. I. n. 2-3. pp. 1-45. 1972b -A sumer hitvilág és a Biblia, Gar­field (Szatmári). 1974-75 - A magyar őstörténet felé. Szittya­kor;. Cleveland, U.S.A.. 20 pp. 1976a - Bevezetés a sumér nyelvbe és ékirá­­sba. MS (Apeco repr.). Budapest, 41 PP 1976b - René Labat: A Sumér és akkád ékjelekrol. Fordítás és a rovásírással való egyeztetés. Garfield (Szatmári). WHO WILL HELP THE WORLD’S CHILDREN? For many years now, infant formula as a substitute for the Mother’s own milk has been taken as a matter of course. However, now the use of infant formula has spread to other nations, many of them so-called “under-developed” na­tions, and the controversy over breast versus bottle has become wider in scope. The basic issue is that the use of infant formula in the developing nations is actually harm­ful. Studies made in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Re­public, show some alarming facts. ' One out of every four infants admitted to hospitals in Santo Domingo dies of malnutrition. Doctors now believe that the switch from breast to bottle is the cause of infant malnutrition. One scientist states that the improper use of infant formula contributes to 10 million cases of malnutrition every year. He also maintains that of the babies who are less than one year old, if they do not receive breast milk, they will die of malnutrition. Although breast feeding is the ultimate good for any baby, formula in itself is not harmful. It is the improper use of the formula which is disastrous. More than half the population of Santo Domingo lives under conditions which make it al­most impossible to prepare formula safely. Refrigerators are almost non­existent, sanitation poor, and the water supply contaminated. One survey showed that over 10% of the mothers in one neighborhood in Santo Domingo couldn’t read and therefore, could not prepare the formula properly according to directions. Most families live on much less than $200.00 per month so inorder to make the formula last longer the mothers dilute the powder much more than they should. The result for their babies— starvation! The Nestle Company along with several others do more than a billion dollar business in infant formula in such countries. What they are selling is the image of a western baby—well-fed, contented, and thriving. The Dominicans have taken the bait and spend almost a million dollars on formula per year. Some stores located near hospitals tear the labels off Nestle cans to prevent buyers from reselling them at higher prices. As a result directions for the proper prepara­tion of the formula are lost. The irony of this situation is that the best milk—mother's milk—is free, safe, and ready-made! Doctors say that 90% of all women are physically capable of breast feeding and most new boms need no other food for at least 4 months. Unfortunately, once an infant receives another form of nourishment for any length of time, breast milk ceases to flow and the mother has no choice except to bottle feed. Most mothers do not know that even then with some care and work the breast milk can be brought back. Doctor Derrick Jelliffe, the author of more than a dozen books on malnutrition, has worked for 25 years in under­developed nations. He states, “human milk is a live substance which has active anti-infective properties of tremendous con­sequence, which become even greater when the child is living in poor hygenic circumstances such as in a developing country. ” Spokesmen for formula com­panies refuse to admit or recognize that any abuse of their product is taking place because no valid evidence has been presented despite the growing numbers of malnutri­­tioned infants entering hospitals each year. Several groups who are critical of formula companies’ advertising procedures have been trying to rally support for a nationwide boycott of such companies especially Nestle products. This past May Senator Kennedy’s Sub-Committee on Health and Scientific Research held meetings with all three American formula companies to investigate the marketing and promotion of in­fant formula in developing nations. The crux of these investigations was that infant formula companies are well aware of the fact that their product is purchased by women who have neither the facilities, money, nor knowledge to use the product safely. Another interesting fact which came to light was that formula companies make substan­tial contributions to medical groups

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