Századok – 2015
2015 / 2. szám - Bácsatyai Dániel: Az egresi ciszterci monostor korai történetének kérdései
AZ EGRESI CISZTERCI MONOSTOR KORAI TÖRTÉNETÉNEK KÉRDÉSEI 299 ordinis sancti Benedicti recipi faciant in monachum et in fratrem, habitum iuxta morem dictorum ordinis et monasterii sibi tradi et de bonis ipsius monasterii sicut uni ex aliis ex ipso monasterio monachis ministrari sinceraque dilectione pertractari. Cum omnibus non obstantibus et clausulis oportunis etc. ut in forma, etiam certo numero monachorum non obstante, si assit et „Execrabilis” constitutione180 non obstante etc. quia in veritate propter sui corporis debilitatem comode non valet observantias et victum claustralium Cisterciensis ordinis sustinere, vel similem gratiam in abbacia monasterii Demensis dicti ordinis sancti Benedicti Cathalauniensis diocesis. Fiat de translacione et dispensamus, si indiget. R. Resignavit in manibus nostris R. Et quod transeat sine alia lectione. Fiat, R. Datur Avinione nono Kalendas Septembris anno quarto. PROBLEMS OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE CISTERCIAN MONASTERY OF EGRES by Dániel Bácsatyai (Summary) The history of the Cistercian monastery of Egres (Igri§, Romania), founded by King Béla III in 1179, is an independent chapter in the chronicle of the relations between the Kingdoms of Hungary and France in the Middle Ages. Focusing on old problems as well as some new aspects and unexploited sources, this paper has been written in connection with the recent archaeological excavations in the village where the Abbey once stood. First, I discussed the medieval lists of the Cistercian monasteries and attempted to answer why some of them dated the foundation of Egres to the alternative year of 1200. Then, I tried to explain why the French Cistercians arrived exactly from the Burgundian Abbey of Pontigny, a monastery which played almost no role in the European expansion of the Order. As there is no evidence that, contrary to the scholarly opinion, King Béla Ill’s first wife, bom in the French Outremer, had connections with Pontigny, I support the view that the key role of the Burgundian monastery in the Cistercian foundations in Hungary was due to the personal commitment of Peter, who served as abbot in Pontigny between 1177 and 1180, and endeavoured to visit Béla III in 1183 as the Abbot of Citeaux and president of the General Chapter. However, Egres was in fact central in the Hungarian connections of another Queen Consort, Yolande of Courtenay, who was buried here in 1233. Some sources, most notably the Chronicon Posoniense, which preserved the thirteenth-century Hungarian historical tradition in its most original form, place the final resting place of her husband, Andrew II in Egres too, but an alternative location in Várad (Oradea, Romania) was also remembered in the next centuries. The contradiction is obviously explained by the Tatar invasion, and is also due to the well-known scandal recorded by the Cistercian historiographer, Albéric de Trois-fontaines. As Viktor Machovich demonstrated in 1935, the informants of Albéric, who had concentrated on the missionary work amongst the Cumans and the events on the Balkan, should be searched in Egres and its daughter house Kére (Cärza, Romania) rather than in the monastery of Pilis, as Bálint Hóman had thought. In the last part of this investigation I analysed two groups of written sources. The tax lists of the Cistercian Order reflect the economic decline of Egres in the 14th century, while the stay in Hungary and the scandalous abbacy there of a rebellious monk from Les Dunes shed light upon the nature of the loosening but still extant bonds of the Hungarian Cistercians with the Order’s centre in the 14th century. 180 XXII. János pápa szigorúan rendelkezett az egyházi hivatal- és javadalomhalmozás kérdéséről az Execrabilis kezdetű 1317. évi constitutióban, amelyben elrendelte, hogy a több egyházi méltósággal, hivatallal vagy javadalommal bíró személyeknek minderről — a legutoljára elnyert kivételével — le kell mondaniuk 1. Corpus iuris canonici. I—II. Szerk. Emil Friedberg. Leipzig 1879- 1881. II. 1881. col. 1207-1209. A nehezen feloldható rövidítés megfejtéséért Szovák Koméinak tartozom köszönettel.
