Századok – 2009
TANULMÁNYOK - Szili Sándor: Hunyadi Mátyás szövetsége és a „magyarkérdés" az orosz diplomáciában a 15-16. század fordulóján IV/773
sen el nem dőlt, Moszkvából figyelemmel kísérték fejleményeit, azután viszont a „magyarkérdés" iránt az érdeklődés elhalt. A Magyar Királyság három részre szakadt, és mint önálló középhatalmi tényező megszűnt.179 THE ALLIANCE WITH MÁTYÁS HUNYADI AND THE „HUNGARIAN QUESTION" IN THE RUSSIAN DIPLOMACY AT THE END OF THE 15th AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 16t h CENTURIES by Sándor Szili (Summary) The first part of the study is a critical analysis of the sources relating to the diplomatic relationship between Mátyás Hunyadi, king of Hungary and Ivan III, grand prince of Russia. It aims at establishing a more exact chronology of this relationship, clarifying the circumstances of the alliance, and the underlying diplomatic goals. The second part offers an overview of how the dynastic crisis which followed the death of king Matthias (the contest of the Jagellonians and the Habsburgs for the Hungarian throne) was reflected in contemporary Russian diplomatic documents. As a conclusion, the author examines the role played by the kingdom of Hungary in the diplomatic conceptions elaborated by the Kremlin between 1480 and 1526. Russia, an independent realm since 1480, did not feel herself strong enough until the middle of the 17th century to initiate a war of conquest against her western neighbour, the realm of Poland-Lithuania, to which were subjected the eastern Slavs belonging to eastern Christianity who lived on the territory of present day Ukraine and Belarus. Muscovy laid a claim upon these regions by virtue of the kinship which linked its rulers to those of the ancient Kievan Rus. Contemporary Hungary, which occupied the whole of the Carpathian basin, seemed an ideal partner as a regional power bordering upon the Jagellonian lands (Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia), yet in conflict with them. The rulers of Muscovy were looking for a strategic partner in the back of the Jagellonians, which at first they found in the person of Matthias Hunyadi, and later in the Habsburgs. Yet the Hungarian and German kings merely regarded their cooperation with Muscovy as an auxiliary in solving their manifold diplomatic problems. Thus the treaties of alliance drafted again from time to time were never realised. The Russian court observed the development of the „Hungarian question" with the greatest possible attention, since it was a matter of crucial importance whether its Jagellonian enemies or the Habsburgs as potential allies would eventually win the conflict. After the dissolution of the medieval kingdom of Hungary Muscovy lost her previous attention for the case of Hungary. 179 E rre újabban összegző jelleggel vö. Pálffy Géza: Közép-Európa védőbástyája és éléskamrája (1526-1711). In: Európa színpadán. Magyarország ezeréves hozzájárulása az európai közösség eszméjéhez. Szerk. Marosi Ernő. Bp. 2009. 92-115., különösen 92-97.: „Európai középhatalom egy új monarchiában" fejezet.
