Századok – 2006

TANULMÁNYOK - Simon Zsolt: A baricsi és kölpényi harmincadok a 16. század elején 815

882 SIMON ZSOLT 1508. jan. 4. és 1510 jún. 2. és júl. 12. között bekövetkezett halálának időpontja között dalmát-horvát-szlavón bán és zenggi kapitány (ifjabb Ernuszt Jánossal). DL 46833. (1508. jan. 4.); Kovachich Martinus Georgius: Vestigia comitiorum. Budae 1790. 461.; Magyarország és Szerbia i. m. 331-334.; DF 241049. (utolsó általunk ismert említése 1510. jún. 2-ról, amelyben csak „banus et capitaneus"-ként szerepel); DL 25533. (1510. júl. 12., amikor már néhaiként van feltüntetve. Ezek szerint a kiadója által 1520 körűire datált oklevél, amelyben nándorfehérvári bánként bukkan fel, 1499 és 1507 között keletkezett. Magyarország és Szerbia i. m. 347.) THE THIRTIETH OF BARICS AND KÖLPÉNY IN THE EARLY 16TM CENTURY by Zsolt Simon (Summary) The external customs due called thirtieth (tricesima) was generally levied on the marches of late medieval Hungary. It was regarded as a royal monopoly. In the first part of the study I present the structure of its administration and the revenues accruing from it. The legal framework of the commerce between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire was regulated by the truces concluded throughout the 15t

h

and 16t

h

centuries. In the 15t

h

century commerce was limited to certain places and WEIS conditional upon permission of the ban and the local bey. In the 16th

century, on the other hand, denizens of both realms were free to trade if they paid the dues. Nevertheless, the Hungarian laws sometimes prohibited the export of certain goods (generally that of animals such as horse, cattle, sheep, of weapons and melted gold and silver) and the import of salt. According to canon law trade by Catholics was dependent on a papal permission. As regards the commerce between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire only two Hungarian quantitative sources have come down to us from the period before 1526. One of them is the accounts of the thirtieth of Barics for the period between 25 March 1503 and 14 February 1505, and the other I the undated accounts of the thirtieth of Kölpény which, however, can certainly be dated to the same period. Imported goods were concisely referred to as „things" (res) and „small things" (res pane) and should probably be interpreted as textiles, cloths, leatherware and spices. The quantity and customs value of the most important goods was as follows (the two thirtieth offices added, annual averages): import: „things" 6614 florins; export: salt: 891 fl., 292 oxen (325 _ fl ), 444 horses (100 fl.), 225 sheep (68 fl.), knives 28 fl. In terms of percentage the relevant figures are as follows: things 82%, salt 11%, oxen 4%, horses and sheep 1-1%. Commerce was most intensive during the spring, followed by the autumn, was rather sparse in winter and practically came to a halt during the summer. According to an entry in the accounts at the three customs offices of Barics, Kölpény and Szabács the overall value of the goods levied was 145000 florins annually, on the basis of which the volume of the commerce at the offices belonging to Belgrade can very tentatively put at some 290000 and 480000 florins respectively. The customs revenues accruing were therefore 14500 and 24000 florins respectively. The merchants were almost exclusively Serbs who seem to have inhabited in villages in the vicinity of the customs offices on both sides of the border. The customs were in the hands of György Kanizsai, ban of Belgrade, surely as part of his salary. The annex contains the text of the two accounts, data on the settlements which housed the customs offices belonging to the main customs office of Belgrade, as well as the offices held by György Kanizsai.