Századok – 2002
Tanulmányok - Csukovits Enikő: Bűn és bűnhődés. Vezeklő zarándoklatok a középkori Magyarországon II/303
BÚN ÉS BŰHŐDÉS A KÖZÉPKORI MAGYARORSZÁGON 325 Dátum Kibocsátó Zarándoklat célja Egyéb feltétel Közreműködők Jelzet 1381 Selmecbánya város Aa kezes SVK f. 35. 1381 Selmecbánya város 1 Aa, 2 R kezes SVK f. 36. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város Aa kezes Fejérpataky 82. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város R kezes Fejérpataky 85. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város Aa kitörlés a városkönyvből Fejérpataky 85. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város R, Aa 32 Ft vérdíj kezes Fejérpataky 94. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város R kezes Fejérpataky 95. 1386-1399 Beszterceb. város R Fejérpataky 95. 1390 Beszterceb. város R (kétszer) kezes Fejérpataky 95. 1390 Selmecbánya város R, Aa kezes SVK f. 47. 1395-1396 Selmecbánya város 2 R, 2 Aa 18 Ft vérdíj kezes SVK f. 50. 1395-1396 Selmecbánya város R ? SVK f. 50. 1398 Selmecbánya város ? mise, pénz SVK f. 51. 1398 Selmecbánya város R SVK f. 51. 1413 Pozsony város R, Aa gyertya, 30 mise, sírhely kezes DF 286772 1413 Pozsony város R kezes DF 286772 1416 Zágráb város R feleség végzi! Mon.c.Zagr. VI. 34. 1420 Kolozsm. konvent Báta DL 28175 1434 Zágráb város R miseruha a templomnak Mon.c.Zagr.VI.213. 1438 Zágráb város R gyilkos halála miatt helyettes Mon.c.Zagr. VI.294. 1446 Kolozsm. konvent R Kolozsm.jk. 1.589. 1455 Sopron város R, Aa kőkereszt, megkövetés, viasz Házi 1/4 74. 1497 Sopron város R megkövetés Házi 1/6. 151. 1503 Zágráb város R Mon.c.Zagr. VIII. 142. A táblázatban szereplő kegyhelyek: R (Róma), Aa (Aachen), Co (Compostella), Ba (Bari). CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. PENITENTIAL PILGRIMAGES IN MEDIEVAL HUNGARY by Enikő Csukovits (Summary) The penitential or expiatory pilgrimages, which constitute a well-defined group within medieval peregrinations, are first mentioned in the Irish penitentials of the 6t h and 7t h centuries. These early pilgrimages had no definite destination, the punishment consisting in the penitent's having to leave his home and plunge into the dangers of the unknown world. From the 9t h century on the penitents were no more forced to aimless wandering: they headed for one of the known shrines, hoping to achieve the remission of their sins through the intercession of the saints. The last important change in the history of the penitential pilgrimages came in the 13t h century: in the central regions of Europe, in Germany, Styria, Carinthia, Bohemia, Silesia, Poland and Hungary it became customary in cases of homicide to send the culprit, if an agreement was reached with the victim's family, to a pilgrimage pro anima interfecti, that is, for the redemption of the murdered person's soul. In Hungary more than forty cases are known from the 14t h and 15t h centuries when the culprit was sentenced to carry out a penitential pilgrimage. The earliest case dates from 1300, the last from as late as 1503, and since our sources cover from Pressburg to Zagreb and from the modern Slovakia to Transylvania the entire realm, the practice of penitential pilgrimage for murder can safely be regarded as a general custom. Our first known pilgrim, Benedict, who turns up in a charter dated 31 October 1300, killed his wife. Between Benedict and his father-in-law the agreement was made before and with the permission of the castellan of Boldogkd. Yet the most frequently cited case in the Hungarian historiography is that of the pilgrim who had to depart as a consequence of the conflict between count Arnold and master Kakas and their families. On 29 March 1307 count Arnold and his sons and master Kakas and his brothers appeared before Stephen, count of the Saxons, and ended via arbitration the conflict which had emerged between them because of the murder of
