Századok – 1984
TANULMÁNYOK - Kövér György: A brit tökepiac és Magyarország: az Angol-Magyar Bank 1868-1879 486
510 KÖVÉR GYÖRGY JJbëpôb Këeep AHrjTHÍÍCKHO PblHOK ΚΑΠΗΤΑΠΟΒ Μ ΒΕΗΓΡΗΗ: AHrjlO-BEHΓΕPCKHfil BAHK 1868-1879 (Pe3K5Me) AHnio-BCHrepcKMÍi 6anK aenanca COBMCCTHI.im OCHOB3HHCM AHrno-aBCTpHfiCKoro ßaHKa η nonTBep>KflëHHbix H BeHrepcKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM neuiTCKHx KanmajiMCTOB. ECJIH aHrjiHßcKHe KANHTANHCTBI ÖLIJTH CTHMYJIHPOBAHW κ HHBECTHUHH ccbinaacb Ha „oÖHJiHe BeHrepcKHX cenbCKO-xo3aftCTBeHHbix nponyKTOB", „Ha cpoiHoe 3aKaH4HBaHHC »ene3Hbix nopor" H Ha το, m TpaHcnopT CTaHCT ,,6onee nemëBbiM h ôbicTDbiM", το Β ΒΟΗΓΡΗΗ cpenn npHqHH ocHoeaHHa noniëpKHBanacb „oxoTa pa3JiH4Hbix HHocTpaHHbix KamrranoB κ yiacTHio". riocKOJihKy nonnHCHbie JIHCTM oTcyBCTByioT, Mbi ΜΟΓΠΗ onpenenHTb cocraB OCHOBHOTO Karwrajia ôaHKa TOJibKO nyTëM pa3Horo BHna noflxofla. y*e caMO HHCJIO BeHrepcKHX nonnwceft (23.220) npeBbiina.no onyôJiHKoeaHHoe KOJUIH-qecTBO (15.000) aKUHti, a Β BeHe KorapoBKa npHHHMana orpoMHbie MacuiTaőbi (826.050). BeH-repcKHe H anrjiHficKHc aKUHOHepbi yqacTBoeajiH Β κοτπροΒκε ueHHbix 6yMar, nponaHHbix Β πρκ-BaraoM nopaßKe nponopuHOHanbHo cHJibHee, Τ3ΚΗΜ 0Ôpa30M no Haineft oueHKe, ocHoeaHHoft Ha pa3JiHHHbix coBpeMeHHbix cooßmeHHax npeccbi Η Ha npoTOKOJiax O6MHX coßpaHHft, cocraB OCHOBΗΟΓΟ KanHTana cno»HJica cjienyiomHM 06pa30M: JIOHHOH : 20%, Bena: 40%, By flauem R. 40%. 3Ha-IHT: ocHOBaHHe AHrno-eeHrepcKoro 6aHKa nojiywno öonee aBCTpo-BeHCKHft xapaKTep, Me M ero ΠΠ3ΗΟΒΗΚΗ XOTejlH. Κ TpyjiHocTaM, BbiTCKaiomHM H3 ycnoBHii ocHOBaHna npiinaflflexcajio Η TO, mo 6a3ofi OCHOBΗΟΓΟ KanHTana aenanca cepeßpaHHbift φ y HÜ. YtuiaTbi „B JloHfloHe npoH3ouinH najiHMHbiMH neiibra-MH, a Β BeHe h rieiuTe BeKcenaMH Ha npenbaeHTena Β JIOHHOHC". CnejiKii eenncb c 6yMa>KHbiMn ΦΟΡΠΗΤ3ΜΗ, KOTopbie Ha BeHCKofl 6np>Ke MMejiH 3HawTejibHoe nnca>KMo (disagio) no cpaBHeHHW c cepeöpaHHbiMH ΦΟΡΗΗΤ3ΜΗ. ΫΗΦΦΒΡΕΗΐΐΗΒ Β OCHOBHOM Ksnmajie 6buia ripHKpbna c noMombw T.H. φβκτγρΜ Kypca cepeöpa. Β nejiax npenoxpaHeHHa οτ Kojie6anníí Β Kypce BCKCCJIH npHuinocb HMeTb „ßojibtnoe KOJiromecTBO ueHHbix 6yMar". HaKoHeft, Β 1872-OM rony 6biJi coeepuieH OÖMCH, KOTopbití oHHOBpeMeHHO npoBO>Kanca c noBbiuieHHeM OCHOBHOTO KanHTana. nocjie KpH3Hca, Β 1875-OM rony OH onaTb 6bin CHH>KëH, οηΗοκο STO yx<c He ΠΟΜΟΓΠΟ. JlHKBHnaima 3aKOHqnuacb Β 1879-OM rony. CoOTHOUleHHe Me)KHy COÖCTBeHHblMH (oCHOBHOfi Η 3anaCHOÜ KanHTajIbl) H MyïKHMH (BKJiaflbI, KpeaHTopbi) KarínrajiaMH 6aHKa cjioxHJiocb CBoeo6pa3Ho, nocKonbKy nepBbie npeBbimajiM nocnen-HHE. OnHaKO, no HauieMy MHEHH» 3T0 CBoeo6pa3He oöbacnaeTca He HeflocxaTKOM oTeiecTeeHHoro KanHTana, a τβΜ, ντο npn6jiH3HTenbH0 Β OHHO Η ΤΟ >κε BpeMa HaqajiH paßoTaTb CJIMIIIKOM ΜΗΟΓΟ 6aHKOB ΟΠΗΗΟΚΟΓΟ ηροφΗπβ, THna credit mobilier, Β cnyMae κοτορωχ Mewfly ηρκροποϋ BKiiajioB Η xapaKTepoM HHBCCTHUWÍÍ CTOHT TecHaa cea3b. ®yHKitHOHanbHbiii aHajiH3 cocTaea ueHHbix öyMar GaitKa noKa3bmaji, ττο β 1868-1872 rr. ero nepBbiwHbiMH uejiaMH aenanHcb ycraHoeneHHe ceTH TpaHcnopTa (32,1%), co3Hanne Mecrabix KpeRHTHbix yype>KneHMft (24,9%) H BbmonHeHHe 3aaaM „rocynapcTBeHHoro 6aHKHpa" (25,1%). Β 1872-73 rr. 6aHK BKjnomnca Β ABe cnenKH Β oßnacTH necHoro xo3aftcTBa, KOTopbie BO BpeMa KpH3Hca npHHecjiH eMy 3HaTMTenbHbie ymepöbi, H KOTopbie npmiuiocb „ßyflyw öaHKOM" npHHHMaTh „B CBoë COÖCTBCHHOE ynpaBneHHe". Hey nana noBbiuieHHa OCHOBHOTO KanHTana 5κβπβ3ορ3φκ-HHpoBo>moro 3aBOHa β γοpone ÜlajiroTapaH β 1873-om rony xaK>Ke npHHecna Ta»ëjibte ymepßbt. TaKHM 0öpa3OM, c 3aMëp3HyTbiMH Β 3aBOfl HefloHMKaMH, 6aHK He ΜΟΓ aoîwaTbca KOHua KpH3Hca TaJKënoii npoMbiiiijieHHOcTH. Peuiajomyio ponb Β npHÖbtnax no 1873-oro rona cbrrpanH cnenKH Β oßnacra SMHCCHH η ueHHbix SyMar. Β Haiane 1874-oro rona nnpeKUHa ßaHKa eure HenooucHHBajia BbiTeKaroiuHü H3 cnana Kypca ueHHbix 6yMar ηβφΗηκτ, oHa Haneanacb Ha CTaßHnHsauHKi nyTëM KanwTanoB, HHBecTHpoBaHHbie npennpHaTHa. OnHaKo eft npHiiinocb 0TKa3aTbca οτ ocHoeaHHÜ, xoTa OHH no CHX nop aenanncb pbnaroM nocraHHa προφκτβ. BKJiaflbi HccaKann, a öpeMS Haxonaumxca Β ynpaeneHHH 6anKa npOMHLUneHHblX ΠρβηΠρΗΒΤΗβ OKa3bIBajIOCb HeBbIHailtHBaeMOft.