Századok – 1984

TANULMÁNYOK - Kövér György: A brit tökepiac és Magyarország: az Angol-Magyar Bank 1868-1879 486

510 KÖVÉR GYÖRGY JJbëpôb Këeep AHrjTHÍÍCKHO PblHOK ΚΑΠΗΤΑΠΟΒ Μ ΒΕΗΓΡΗΗ: AHrjlO-BEHΓΕPCKHfil BAHK 1868-1879 (Pe3K5Me) AHnio-BCHrepcKMÍi 6anK aenanca COBMCCTHI.im OCHOB3HHCM AHrno-aBCTpHfiCKoro ßaHKa η nonTBep>KflëHHbix H BeHrepcKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM neuiTCKHx KanmajiMCTOB. ECJIH aHrjiHßcKHe KANHTANHCTBI ÖLIJTH CTHMYJIHPOBAHW κ HHBECTHUHH ccbinaacb Ha „oÖHJiHe BeHrepcKHX cenbCKO-xo3aftCTBeHHbix nponyKTOB", „Ha cpoiHoe 3aKaH4HBaHHC »ene3Hbix nopor" H Ha το, m TpaHcnopT CTaHCT ,,6onee nemëBbiM h ôbicTDbiM", το Β ΒΟΗΓΡΗΗ cpenn npHqHH ocHoeaHHa noniëpKHBanacb „oxoTa pa3JiH4Hbix HHocTpaHHbix KamrranoB κ yiacTHio". riocKOJihKy nonnHCHbie JIHCTM oTcyB­CTByioT, Mbi ΜΟΓΠΗ onpenenHTb cocraB OCHOBHOTO Karwrajia ôaHKa TOJibKO nyTëM pa3Horo BHna noflxofla. y*e caMO HHCJIO BeHrepcKHX nonnwceft (23.220) npeBbiina.no onyôJiHKoeaHHoe KOJUIH-qecTBO (15.000) aKUHti, a Β BeHe KorapoBKa npHHHMana orpoMHbie MacuiTaőbi (826.050). BeH-repcKHe H anrjiHficKHc aKUHOHepbi yqacTBoeajiH Β κοτπροΒκε ueHHbix 6yMar, nponaHHbix Β πρκ-BaraoM nopaßKe nponopuHOHanbHo cHJibHee, Τ3ΚΗΜ 0Ôpa30M no Haineft oueHKe, ocHoeaHHoft Ha pa3JiHHHbix coBpeMeHHbix cooßmeHHax npeccbi Η Ha npoTOKOJiax O6MHX coßpaHHft, cocraB OCHOB­ΗΟΓΟ KanHTana cno»HJica cjienyiomHM 06pa30M: JIOHHOH : 20%, Bena: 40%, By flauem R. 40%. 3Ha-IHT: ocHOBaHHe AHrno-eeHrepcKoro 6aHKa nojiywno öonee aBCTpo-BeHCKHft xapaKTep, Me M ero ΠΠ3ΗΟΒΗΚΗ XOTejlH. Κ TpyjiHocTaM, BbiTCKaiomHM H3 ycnoBHii ocHOBaHna npiinaflflexcajio Η TO, mo 6a3ofi OCHOB­ΗΟΓΟ KanHTana aenanca cepeßpaHHbift φ y HÜ. YtuiaTbi „B JloHfloHe npoH3ouinH najiHMHbiMH neiibra-MH, a Β BeHe h rieiuTe BeKcenaMH Ha npenbaeHTena Β JIOHHOHC". CnejiKii eenncb c 6yMa>KHbiMn ΦΟΡΠΗΤ3ΜΗ, KOTopbie Ha BeHCKofl 6np>Ke MMejiH 3HawTejibHoe nnca>KMo (disagio) no cpaBHeHHW c cepeöpaHHbiMH ΦΟΡΗΗΤ3ΜΗ. ΫΗΦΦΒΡΕΗΐΐΗΒ Β OCHOBHOM Ksnmajie 6buia ripHKpbna c noMombw T.H. φβκτγρΜ Kypca cepeöpa. Β nejiax npenoxpaHeHHa οτ Kojie6anníí Β Kypce BCKCCJIH npHuinocb HMeTb „ßojibtnoe KOJiromecTBO ueHHbix 6yMar". HaKoHeft, Β 1872-OM rony 6biJi coeepuieH OÖMCH, KOTopbití oHHOBpeMeHHO npoBO>Kanca c noBbiuieHHeM OCHOBHOTO KanHTana. nocjie KpH3Hca, Β 1875-OM rony OH onaTb 6bin CHH>KëH, οηΗοκο STO yx<c He ΠΟΜΟΓΠΟ. JlHKBHnaima 3aKOHqnuacb Β 1879-OM rony. CoOTHOUleHHe Me)KHy COÖCTBeHHblMH (oCHOBHOfi Η 3anaCHOÜ KanHTajIbl) H MyïKHMH (BKJiaflbI, KpeaHTopbi) KarínrajiaMH 6aHKa cjioxHJiocb CBoeo6pa3Ho, nocKonbKy nepBbie npeBbimajiM nocnen-HHE. OnHaKO, no HauieMy MHEHH» 3T0 CBoeo6pa3He oöbacnaeTca He HeflocxaTKOM oTeiecTeeHHoro KanHTana, a τβΜ, ντο npn6jiH3HTenbH0 Β OHHO Η ΤΟ >κε BpeMa HaqajiH paßoTaTb CJIMIIIKOM ΜΗΟΓΟ 6aHKOB ΟΠΗΗΟΚΟΓΟ ηροφΗπβ, THna credit mobilier, Β cnyMae κοτορωχ Mewfly ηρκροποϋ BKiiajioB Η xapaKTepoM HHBCCTHUWÍÍ CTOHT TecHaa cea3b. ®yHKitHOHanbHbiii aHajiH3 cocTaea ueHHbix öyMar GaitKa noKa3bmaji, ττο β 1868-1872 rr. ero nepBbiwHbiMH uejiaMH aenanHcb ycraHoeneHHe ceTH TpaHcnopTa (32,1%), co3Hanne Mecrabix KpeRHTHbix yype>KneHMft (24,9%) H BbmonHeHHe 3aaaM „rocynapcTBeHHoro 6aHKHpa" (25,1%). Β 1872-73 rr. 6aHK BKjnomnca Β ABe cnenKH Β oßnacTH necHoro xo3aftcTBa, KOTopbie BO BpeMa KpH3Hca npHHecjiH eMy 3HaTMTenbHbie ymepöbi, H KOTopbie npmiuiocb „ßyflyw öaHKOM" npHHH­MaTh „B CBoë COÖCTBCHHOE ynpaBneHHe". Hey nana noBbiuieHHa OCHOBHOTO KanHTana 5κβπβ3ορ3φκ-HHpoBo>moro 3aBOHa β γοpone ÜlajiroTapaH β 1873-om rony xaK>Ke npHHecna Ta»ëjibte ymepßbt. TaKHM 0öpa3OM, c 3aMëp3HyTbiMH Β 3aBOfl HefloHMKaMH, 6aHK He ΜΟΓ aoîwaTbca KOHua KpH3Hca TaJKënoii npoMbiiiijieHHOcTH. Peuiajomyio ponb Β npHÖbtnax no 1873-oro rona cbrrpanH cnenKH Β oßnacra SMHCCHH η ueH­Hbix SyMar. Β Haiane 1874-oro rona nnpeKUHa ßaHKa eure HenooucHHBajia BbiTeKaroiuHü H3 cnana Kypca ueHHbix 6yMar ηβφΗηκτ, oHa Haneanacb Ha CTaßHnHsauHKi nyTëM KanwTanoB, HHBecTHpoBaH­Hbie npennpHaTHa. OnHaKo eft npHiiinocb 0TKa3aTbca οτ ocHoeaHHÜ, xoTa OHH no CHX nop aenanncb pbnaroM nocraHHa προφκτβ. BKJiaflbi HccaKann, a öpeMS Haxonaumxca Β ynpaeneHHH 6anKa npOMHLUneHHblX ΠρβηΠρΗΒΤΗβ OKa3bIBajIOCb HeBbIHailtHBaeMOft.

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