Századok – 1955

Bibliográfia - A Magyarországon megjelent történettudományi művek jegyzéke (1955. január 1.–június 30.) 813

826 FE:! WM Ε eMy, Hawöojiee pa3BHT β KanHTajiH3Me. Jlo 1910 ro^a ero HHTcpecyiOT β nepeyio onepeai» Bonpocbi «HanpaBjieHHOro BHyTpb MHAHTapH3Ma». OH ΑΒΕΤ xapaKTepHCTHKy peaKiiHOHHoro KanHTajiHCTHMecKoro MHJiHTapH3Ma, HMeiomyio H ceroAH» pa3o6jia«iHTejibHyio H MO6HAH3H-pyiomyio cmiy. OH OTfleubHO 3aHHMaercH npecjioßyTbiM npyccKO-HeMeuKHM MHJiHTapH3M0M, KOTOPBIH BCJIGÄCTBHG oco6bix NOJIY-ASCOJIIOTHCTHMECKHX, ΦΕΟΑΒΑΒΗΟ-ΔΚΦΟΚΡΒΤΗΜΕΕΚΗΧ ycjioBHÖ Β TepManHH - C03peji κβκ coBceiw ocoöeHHbiH ΠΑΟΑ. Β 6opb6e c 60jibuinHCTB0M pyKOBOAHiiwx cjioeB HeMeuKOíí couHaji-aeMOKpaTHH, κοτοpoe cTpauJHJiocb HOBMX ΜετοΑΟΒ 6opb6bi, JIHÖKHCXT H3JraraeT npHHunnbi aHTHMnjiHTapn:iMa, ero uejlH Η MeTOAbl. AHTHMHAHTapH3M 3T0 MaCTb paßOMerO ÄBH>KeHHH,OH nOAMHHeH OKOHMa-TejibHOíi uejiH 6opb6bi paöOMero KJiacca, HO ΗΜεετ Β ΤΟ >ΚΕ BpeMH Η ocoßeHHbie 3aaaMH : OH cocraBjineT Ba»Hyio qacTb 6opb6bi προτπΒ (J)eo,najTbHbix nepe>KHTK0B,3a paciunpeHHe ΑβινιοκpaTHMecKHX npae, Η Taione HanpaBAeH HenocpeACTBeHHO Η προτΗΒ KanHTajin3Ma, Tan KaK ocjiaöJiHeT caiwyio Ba>KHyK) nojiHTH^ecKyio onopy rocnoacTBa KariHTajiHCTHHecKoro KJiacca. Β 1910 1911 roaax JIHGKHCXT oco3HaeT, MTO Ka>KAbifi counajincr AOJT/KCH COCPCAOTOMHTb CBOH CHAbI Ha npeAOTBpameHHH OnaCHOCTH HMnepHaAHCTH^eCKOÍÍ BOÍÍHbl. Β 1913 rOAy npOHCXOAHT ero H3B8CTHaH KaMnaHHH, CB«3aHHaH CO CKHHAaAOM »Kpynn«, Β XOAe KOTOpOH OH pa306AaiaeT npeAaTejibCKMÍí, ηοΑετρεκβιοιίΗΐΗ κ BOÜHe, BoeHHOnpoMbimAeHHbiH KanHTaji. Pa3BH3Ka nepBOH MHpCBOH BOÍÍHbl nOJIO>KHAa KOHeU neAOMy HCTOpHMÊCKOMy nepHOAy. II MHTepHauHOHajr pacnajibca. Ha noeecTKy ähh BCTaAa npoAeTapcKa« peBOAiOHHH. JlHÖKHexT Bbipoc BejiHKanoM HMEHHO Β ara ΓΟΑΜ. OH He cpa3y, HO BCTynaeT HA nyTb pa3pbiea c onnopTyHHÖTaMH H noKpbiBaiomHM onnopTyHHCTOB Uen'rpo.M, Η Bee acHee oco3HaeT, MTO 6opb6y 3a MHP H3ÄO CBraaTb c 6opb6ofi προτκΒ rocnoACTBa HMnepHaAH3Ma, c 6opb6ofi 3a AHKTaTypy npoAeTapiiaTa. /JeHTeAbHOCTb JlHÖKHeXTa BÖ ΒρεΜΗ BOHHbl TpCßyeT OTACJILHOH CTSTbH, n03T0My aBTOp Tenepb ο Hefi He pacnpocTpaHHeTcn. Β pe3yAbTaTe nepeoft MHPOBOH BOHHH pacnaAacb HMnepnajincTHMecKaji KafeepcKan TepMaHHii. Β STO BpeMH Β I'epMaHnn IIOHBHJIOCH Ha noeecTKy AHM conHajincimiecKoe npeoöpa30BaHne, Η ÄJIH neMCHKOro HapoAa BCTa.n Bonpoc: HAH wpeiiaraH ΦΕΟ^ΒΑΜΊΗΜΗ nepejKHTKaMH AHjjTaTypa MOHonojincTHwecKoro Kanirrajia, ΠΟΑΟΒΗΗΜΑΤ3Η 6yp>Kya3Haa ACMOicpaTnH — HAH paöOHe-KpecTbHHCKaa aeMOKparaqecKan AHKTaTypa, nepepacTymaji Β AHKTaTypy npojie-TapnaTa. Bopbßa JlnÖKHexTa προτΗΒ MHAHTapH3Ma noAy^aeT Hoßoe coAepwaHHe. ynpa3AHeHHe MHAHTapH3Ma CTSHOBHTCH npaKTHHecKH B03MO>KHOH, HenocpeACTBeHHoft 3aAaieH. 1 ΟΚΤΗΔΡ« 1918 roaa rpynna CnapTaKyc np0B03rAauiaeT CBOIO nporpaMMy, KOTOpaa CTABHT ce6e ijejibio — BBHAY cruieTeHHH ΦΕΘΑ3ΑΗ3Μ8 C HMNEPHAAH3M0M — He TOABKO AHKBHAAUHK) ΦEOAAABHBIX OCT3TKOB, HO Taione H CBep>KCHHe ΜΟΗΟΠΟΑΗΟΤΗΜΘΟΚΟΓΟ KANHTAAA. ΥτροΜ 9 HOHÖpn Boopy>KeHHbiH npoAeTapnaT BepjiHHa yaaAHeT Kafeepa Η ceepraeT K)HKepo-6yp>Kya3Hoe npaBHTeAbCTBO. J1H6KH8XT np0B03rAauiaeT counaAMCTHMecKyio pecnyÔAHKy. Οαη3κο AHAepaM coiwaA-AeMOKpaTHH y.naeTCH ocTaTbcn y BAacTH h 06pa30BaTb npaBHTeAbCTBO. CnapTaKyc CAa6, OH HE pacnoAaraeT CAMOCTOJRREABHOFT oprann3anHeit, HMEET cepbe3-Hbie HAeoAorniecKHe OLUHÖKH, Η ΤΒΚ pafoiHö KAacc He HMEET npoMHoro peBOAiouHOHHoro nepeAOBoro OTpHAa. Pa6oqne H cojiAaTCKHe Maccbi BBeAeHbi Β 3a6jry>KAeHne 6yp>Kya3H0-AeMOKpaTHMeCKHMH HAAI03HHMH. COBeTbl HC B COCTOHHHH npCBpaTHTbCH Β AeHCTBHTejlbHbie OpraHbl BAacTH. KoHTppeBOAiouHH pacnojiaraeT KpynHbiMH CHA3MH, Β TOM ^iHCue MnjinTapn3MOM (B ee pyKax eecb οφΗΗερΰΚΗΗ Kopnyc Η φροΗΤ(Βωε BOöCKa). CoHnaA-AeMOKparaMecKoe npaBHTCAb-CTBO He 3KciiporipnnpyeT ιοΗκεροΒ, OCTABAHET peaKUHOHHbiH rocyAapcTBeHHbift annapaT HeTpOHyTbIM, opraHH3yeT COTpyAHH^eCTBO C MOIIOnOJIHCTH4eCKHM KanHTaAOM, OCTaBJlHCT BO TAaee apMHH reHepaAOB-BoeHHbix npecTynHHKOB, coAeöCTByeT TOMy, woßbi BoeHHaH KOHTppe-BOAIOUHH nOAaBHAa peBOJIIOUHIO. JlnÔKHexT CTapaACH npencAe Bcero pa306Aa>iHTb Ty AOHCb coanaA-AeMOKpaTHH, hto «ceroAHH y noAHTHiecKOH BJIACTH CTOHT HeweuKHH npOAeTapnaT». OH HCHO BHAHT yrpojKaiomwe peBOJHOUHH onacHOCTH, opraHieyiomyiocH lOHKepo-MHJíHTapHCTCKyio peaKiuno. Β CBOEIÍ ι peiH οτ 28 ΗΟΗδρΗ Η Β cBoeft crane οτ 2 AeKaőpn ΟΗ npn3biBaeT paôoiHX κ 6ΑΗΤΘΑbHOCTH Η AeíiCTBHK). Β ero penn, np0H3HecéHH0H 16 ACKaópn, Β AeHb OTKpbiTHH cbe3Aa coBeTOB, oTpawaeTCH ywe AaAbHeHuiHii CABHT BAacTH B noAb3y 6yp>Kya3HH. nosTOMy Tenepb y we HenpaBHJibHO το, wo cnapTaKHCTbi craBHT Ha iiepBhui riAaH CBoeií MaccoBoö paGoTU HenocpeACTBeHHbie uejin AHKTarypbi npoAeTapnaTa, a He AeMOKpaTH^eckoe npeo6pa30BaHHe. Μ τεΜ ΜεΗεε npaBHAbHO, Μτο c'i.e3A COBETOB iipiiHOCHT Η0Β0ε iiopaxíenMC peBOJHOiiHH: oh 0TKa3HBaeTCA οτ CBOHX npae Η nepcAacT BJiacTb Β pyKH npamiTe.ibCTBa.