Századok – 1955

Bibliográfia - A Magyarországon megjelent történettudományi művek jegyzéke (1954. okt. 1.–dec. 31.) 153

158 PE3K5ME MHCÍIO HacejieHHji cipaHbi, c HoriojiHeHneM ΑΒΗΗΜΧ Ο nepenncH HaceacHun, cocraB-jieHHbix >Κηγμ0η30μ 3piiyCT()M Β 1494/95 roaax, cocraBaHao 3 200 000—4 000 000 qenoBeK. npHHHMan BO BHHMaHiie HH3uiee 'inc.no, rycTOTa HacejieHHii cocTaBJiflua 11 qcaOBeK Ha ΟΛΗΗ KBa^paTHbiH κΗΛΟΜβτρ. 3το HacejieHiie pasiwemajiocb, πρήΜερΗΟ, Β 20 25 Tbicswax HaceaeH­Hbix nyHKTax. Kapiama ο pa3Meu;eHHH iiacejiennn OTMeqaeT CTeneHb pa3Binn>i, πριι κοτοροίί 06pa30BajiHCb .MMiuiMaabiibie ycaOBii« pa3BepTbiBaHHH CTpeMjieHHil κ neirrpaan3auHn. * Bo BTOpOH nOJIOBHHC CTOJICTHH ΠΟ CymeCTBy 3aK0Hqi!JlCH npouecc 0pra!IH3auHH ropofl-CKOii CHCT6Mbi, XOTH OH ciiic H ne noayqwa npaBOBOíí φopMyJIHpoBKH. Coio3bi ropoflOB yKpenii­jiHCb Η, onnpancb Ha ueHTpajibHyio BJiacTb, aoSnancb hobmx ycnexoB β 6opb6e προτιΐΒ 6apo-HOB. Kypc flajibHeiiiiiero pa3BMTnH β HeMajioü ινιερε 3aBnceji οτ xoaa KaaccoBoii 6opb6bi BHyTpH ropoflOB. 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C0103 yicpern-iacH Η ao npeae^a, «onycKacMOro ero προτΗΒΟ-pe^HBOCTbio Η npewae Bcero OTeiecTBennbiM ypoBHeM pa3BHTHH ropoaOB, Η OH ΜΟΓ cay>KHTb onopoii nojiHTHKH ucHTpaaiisauiiH. Β TCMCHiie Bcero XV CTO.ICTHÍI pocao őpe.Μ π KpenocTHbix KpecTbíin. Μ BO πτοροίί nOJIOBHHC CTOaCTH ÍI IJOMCUIHKH CTpeMHJIHCb Κ nOBblUICHHlO aene>KHbIX Hajioroi! CBOHX κρε­nocTHbix. OanaKO nepea ocyiuccraaeHHCM HX HaMepeHiiií CTOÍIJIH pa3JinMHbie upenarcTBHH : orpaHUMCHHOCTb naaorocnocoÔHOCTn KpecTbHH, yrpowaiomHii pocT nencnoabsyeMbix yqacT­ΚΟΒ, ceepx 3Toro, conpoTHBJieHHe KpecTbjiHCTBa H, naKOHeu, CTpeMaenne yKpemiBmcftcji KOpojieBCKOft BaacTH 6oace Gaaronpunrao ρ,ππ cz6n pacnpeaejiHTb nepenp0H3B0acTB0, SKC-nponpimpyeMoe οτ KepcTbíiHcrea Β φορΜε HaaoroB. 3TH φβκτορω OGIACHHIOT, NOMCMY ΑεΗε>κ-Hbie iiaaorn, BbinaaqHBacMbie KpenocTObiMH KpecTbHna.\ui ΠΟΜΕΙΙΐΗΊΟΜ, ΗΕ noBbimaaHCb Β TaKOM pa3Mepe, ΚΒΚ Β nepByio noaoBHHy ετοηετίΐΗ. OanaKO B03p0caH aciievKiif^ie Hajiorn, Bbiri.'iamiBaeMbie κρεποςτΗΗΜΗ KpecTiijiHaMH rocyaapcTiiy. Maraac, napaaae;ibHO c ΒΙ.ΙΑΒΗ>Ι<Ο­HH6M na nepBbiii naaH ΠΟΛΗΤΗΚΗ u8H'rpaan3auHH, noBbicua ΓOcyaapc·rBεHHL·IfrΉaaoΓH. Maraac nomaabi B3bici<iiBaa c κρεποετκωχ naaora, HÖO κε Bnaea apyroro nyTM οδεεπεΜεΗΗη φΗΜΗεΟΒΜΧ ycaoBHH nCH'rpaaH3annii. Ho 3iian, MTO HaaorocnocoßHOCTb i<pecTb5m orpann­neHa, OH orpaHHMHa μερκοΒΗυε κ noiweuambH ετρεΜΛεΗΗΗ, HanpaBa8HHbi8 Ha ποΒΗΗΐεΗκε apyrax naaoroB KpenocTHbix. Hapaay c aiiKBiiaanHCH anapxim, DTH Meponpn^THji cbirpaan poab Η Β TÓM, Μτο HapoA ho K'paHHCii Μερε, ero ßojibiuiiHCTBO - He BbicTynna προτΗΒ Maraaca aawe h Toraa, i<oraa y>Ke BbiyicHHawcb KOHTypbi εΓΟ 0öpεMεHnτeabH0H naaoroBOH noaHTHKH. ΚρεποετΗΗε KpecTbHH8 3HaaH, ΜΤΟ τπ>κκιιε Haaorn yKp8naj»0T rocyaapcTBO, κοτοροε ofiecneMHBaeT HM ôo.'ibinyio, MCM paiibuie. saiumy προτΗΒ Buemmix H BHYTPEHHHX í paöH're.rieH. 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