Marta, Livius et al.: The Late Bronze Age Settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros „Úr Csere” (Satu Mare, 2010)

VIII. Conclusions. Nyíregyháza-Oros site and its significance for the reearch of the Late Bronze Age

The few types of weapons (daggers, socketed axe of Transylvanian type, sickles with hook-shaped handle and needles of Noua type) can be considered rather as imported items or items made under the influence of the eastern or even the Transylvanian metallurgy. An argument in this respect is that the big needles with protuberances from the Upper Tisa basin belong to a variant that can be regarded as being specific to this region even if, originally, this type seems to have been influenced by an eastern model. Moreover, in all the four cases in which the needles with protuberances from the upper basin of the Tisa were discovered together with pottery, the latter is always of local nature* 307. The bronze deposits from the Upper Tisa region, in which items of eastern/Transylvanian type are present, are of Uriu-Ópályi type. Within these deposits, items of eastern origin are deposited together with many local items. As a result, those eastern pieces discovered on the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ groups territory can be attributed to connections with the metallurgy of the Noua-Sabatinovka milieu and the same is the case for pieces discovered in the area of the Suciu de Sus culture308. The pottery discovered in the settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros did not reveal the presence of eastern ceramic forms, leading to the idea that at least a part of the archaeological material previously assigned to the Berkesz culture should rather be framed into a late phase of the evolution of the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ group.

J. Németi has recently accomplished the history of research of the Hajdiibagos- Cehăluţ cultural group and synthesized a series of its defining elements309. Thus, its distribution area includes: the Carei region and the Ecedea Swamp, the Crasna Valley, Şimleu Silvaniei Depression, the western part of Sălaj up to the Barcău, the area between Barcău and Crişul Repede River, the Nir area, the Ier Valley and the Tăşnad Hills.

Although the researches on the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group in northwestern Romania were somewhat more intense than in the Hungarian area of Nyírség, they were initially interpreted differently. T. Bader assigned them to the Otomani IV phase310, starting from some ceramic elements that could be considered as inherited from the

in the necropolis of Lăpuş (Kacsó 1975, p. 60), missing from the Satu Mare area. The „eastern” elements are very rarely found among the pottery discoveries in Sălaj, west of Meseş, too (e.g. the settlement of Zalău-Valea Miţii) and the metallurgical products (eastern type sickles, socketed axes, spearhead of the Krasnomajak-type in deposits as the one from Crasna, respectively Marca - Bejinariu 2005, p.62).

307 Nyírkarász-Gyulaháza (Mozsolics 1960, p.l 13-123), Zemplinske-Kopcani (Demeterová 1984, Pl. VI/1), Petea-Csengersima (Marta 2005, p. 83-84) and Seini (recently discovered piece, information from Dan Pop).

308 Kacsó 1983, p. 48.

309 Németi 2009a, p. 203-205; Németi 2009, p. 31-33.

310 Bader 1978, p. 56-57.

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