Marta, Livius et al.: The Late Bronze Age Settlement of Nyíregyháza-Oros „Úr Csere” (Satu Mare, 2010)
IV. Liviu Marta - Nagy L. Márta - Daniel V. Sana: Ceramics
of pottery fragments (5 pieces) preserve simple or double perforations in the upper part of the feet or on the band that joins them. Most of the portable cooking vessels were made of coarser paste (80.73%), the rest being made of semi-fine paste. The vast majority of the portable cooking vessels were in a very fragmentary state and this is the reason why, from seven restored items, only three types could be identified. Type 1 includes deep, curve shaped pots, with out-curved rim, with the feet away from the body and narrow arched band (PI. 34/2). Type 2 includes the bi-conical pots, with flat rim (PI. 5/1). Vessels like this - with the mouth curled inwards and lacking the rims - were discovered within the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group at Valea lui Mihai103 and Pişcolt104. Type 3 is represented by vessels with oblique body and out-curved rim (Fig. 4/1). The presence of this type has not been found within the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group being instead documented within the Suciu de Sus culture105. The only decorative elements present on the portable cooking vessels from the settlement of Oros are represented by embossed ornaments that, in the pot morphology, could have a functional role, providing a better holding of the pot. The most frequent ornament (present on 5 items) is represented by the conical knobs (motif A A) (PI. 14/4). One item has a wide, simple protuberance (motif AB) and another item has wide knobs with two punches (motif AE). As regards the origin of the portable cooking vessels, the earliest items of the Carpathians are considered those discovered within the area of the Hatvan culture, dated to the III-rd stage of the Early Bronze Age106. During the Middle Bronze Age, the portable cooking vessel spread over under various variants of shape, throughout a wide area of the Carpathian space. At that time, the portable cooking vessels (with embodied container) appeared in the III-rd stage of the Otomani107 culture and in the III-rd stage of the Wietenberg108 culture, in an area occupied later on by the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ cultural group. During the Late Bronze Age, the portable cooking vessels were well represented within the Hajdiibagos-Cehăluţ109 cultural group, being found, however, in the neighbouring cultural environments as well, often with similar shapes and ornaments. 103 Bader 1978, p. 57, Pl. XXXII/1. 104 Bader 1978, p. 57, Pl. XXXI/11; Kacsó 1997, p. 87, Pl. IV/1. 105 Bader 1978, PI. LIII/1 (Culciu Mare); Marta 2009, PI. 51/6 (Petea-Csengersima). 106 Fischl-Kiss-Kulcsár 2001a, p. 169. 107 Bader 1978, p. 55. 108 Boroffka 1994, p. 168. 109 Németi 1978, PI. 5/1 (Foieni), 9/9 (Pişcolt); Bader 1978, p. 57, Pl. XXXIV/45 (Cehăluţ); Kacsó 1997, p. 87, PI. IV/4 (Ciumeşti), VIII/7-9 (Acâş); Bejinariu-Lakó 2000, p. 162, pl 14/4, 19/3 (Crasna); Bejinariu 2001, p.161, PI. 171/6 (Zăuan); Nagy 2005, p. 82 PI. IX/1-6, X/l-6 (Nyirlugos); Nagy 2007, p. 134, Pl. II/7, VII/5 (Nyíregyháza). 31
