Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
V. Conclusions. Contribution of the Petea-Csengersima Excavations to the Knowledge of the Late Bronze Age
previously observed during the excavations undertaken by T. Bader şi S. Dumitraşcu677. The research undertaken in the area of the northern border of the site (between the earlier excavation and the tumulus attributed by T. Bader to the Suciu I phase) uncovered some pits that contained Suciu I type finds (some of the vessels being identical with those found in the tumulus nearby) and Otomani III type material, within the framework of which Wietenberg III material was well represented. Compared to the research undertaken in the southern part of the site, in each of the recently excavated pit the striated pottery is weakly represented. Although incisions were present here that announce the excision of the type encountered at Solotvino678 679 *, no pottery fragment from these pits had excisions. At the level of the surface, fragments with excised decoration started appearing to the south-east of the excavated area, concentrated in an area found in the east of the Middle Bronze Age habitation. As a result, at Medieşu Aurit there is a primary habitation layer with Otomani II type elements (studied within the excavations of T. Bader and S. Dumitraşcu) and which through its high striated pottery content still has numerous elements specific of the habitation from the Early Bronze Age. On the other hand there is a Suciu de Sus I habitation layer synchronous with the Otomani III and Wietenberg III phases6 9, a fact that makes this site inadequate to uphold a possible Suciu de Sus I— Otomani Il-Wietenberg II synchronism. It is still unclear whether at the level of the Otomani II phase the finds from the Plain of Satu Mare have a regional aspect so obvious that they could be considered Suciu de Sus I manifestations, a fact that leaves the beginning of this phase undetermined. The final moment of the Suciu de Sus I phase and the beginning of the Suciu de Sus II phase is much clearer, marked by the appearance of excised decoration. The adoption of this decoration technique took place in the period in which the settlements at Boineşti and Culciu Mic functioned. The absence of the fragments with excised decoration from the layers with Otomani III type material within the tells or graves of this period in the Plain of Carei68" can be taken into consideration for the dating of the Suciu de Sus I phase during the entire Otomani III phase. This fact is even more noteworthy since within the sites of Hajdúbagos— Cehăluţ of this region the Suciu de Sus imports with excised decoration are very frequent. An element that needs to be had in mind is the specific character of the beginning of the Suciu de Sus II phase that the imported excised pottery has in the settlement at Cehăluţ from Pişcolt. The bronze finds from this settlement are used to chronologically determine the early phase of the Hajdúbagos—Cehăluţ cultural group681. Thus, the Suciu de Sus I phase seems to develop prior to the Hajdúbagos—Cehăluţ cultural group. The numerous Wietenberg III imports from the Suciu de Sus I settlements attests the Suciu de Sus I-Wietenberg III synchronism. Also, in the north of Transylvania (The Sălaj Valley682, the course of the Someş683 and in the Lăpuş Depression684) the succession of the phase Suciu Ha after the Wietenberg III phase is well demonstrated. However, the Suciu de Sus II — Wietenberg III 611 It needs to be remarked that the area of Ciuncaş was very intensely inhabited during several historical periods, which may be probably due to its dominant position in the area, having the form of a high terrace outcrop situated in a bend of the coarse of the Someş river. 678 Vasiliev et allia. 2001, p. 43. 679 Marta et allia. 2004, p. 194 (the Ciuncaş şi Togul lui Schweitzer areas are separated only by a road, actually being a single archaeological site). (.so Németi 1978, p. 120; Roman—Németi 1990, p. 40. 681 Kacsó 1997, p. 88. 682 Kacsó 1987, p. 70. 683 Bejinariu 2003, p. 71. 684 Kacsó 2003, p. 83. 95
