Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
settlements were specific elements of the fully developed Gáva pottery334. In the case of this group certain differences are noticeable compared to earlier spiralled channels: on the vessel from Poroszló the channels are narrower535, and a part of channels on the protuberances from Köröm and Priigy are not completely spiralled554 555 556. Excised-incised motifs (linear ornaments — group I; spiral and circular motifs — group ]). These are present on pottery fragments which belong to approximately 47 vessels discovered in the fill of a relatively high number of Lăpuş II-Gáva I type complexes in the settlement at Petea-Csengersima. Alongside these there are a few complexes with typical Suciu de Sus elements as well as Lăpuş II—Gáva I. In these conditions it is difficult to assign them to one of the cultural horizons of the settlement. The majority of pottery fragments with excised decoration from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I complexes are small, the only forms that can be restored are short cups (type 4). It is likely that one part of the pottery fragments decorated by excision-incision is in secondary position, originating in the Suciu de Sus habitation. However their attribution to the Lăpuş II—Gáva I phase cannot be excluded, since fragments with excised-incised decoration continue to rarely appear also in the Lăpuş II phase557 or within the Gáva I type discoveries from the region of Carei558 559. With the exception of one of the ornamental motifs (ID), all incised ornaments are deep and wide, obtained by means of the technique specific of the Suciu de Sus culture and of the first phase of the Lăpuş cultural group. The main excised-incised ornamental motifs are: a group of four long horizontal lines (IA), a group of 1-2 straight or arched lines (IB), a strip formed from short oblique or vertical lines (IC), triangles made from linear incision (ID), a strip of incised short lines framed by long lines (IE), group of parallel long lines accompanied by a strip of notches (IF), a group of long parallel lines accompanied by a row of triangles (IG), zigzag lines (IH). The motif formed of long parallel horizontal lines (IA) is relatively common, encountered on seven vessels from the Lăpuş II-Gáva I settlement at Petea-Csengersima (PL 6/6, 14/6, 17/3, 41/1). In case that the form of these vessels could be recognized, these were type 4 short cups. This ornament is relatively frequent on this cup type within the Gáva I pottery in the area of Carei359 and the region of Debrecen560. This motif, common on the cups from the necropolis at Lăpuş561 562 continues to be intensely used during the 2nd phase of the Lăpuş cultural group362. The origin of the ornament IA within the Suciu de Sus culture is proved by the fact that in both habitation horizons it is present on the same vessel type: type 4 short cups. The most common deeply incised ornament is represented by simple or double lines (motif IB). These decorate the small pottery fragments that belonged to 16 vessels from the settlement at Petea-Csengersima (PI. 5/3,4, 5/10, 10/7, 39/4). This ornament is present only on small pottery fragments and represents small parts of more complex ornaments. Its presence alongside ornaments specific of the Suciu de Sus culture leads to considering these pottery fragments as being in secondary position. The strip of short oblique incised lines (motif IC) was discovered on fragments belonging to four cups from Petea-Csengersima (PI. 5/4, 10/3). As it was seen, this ornament is very common on the vessels of the Suciu de Sus 554 Patay 1976, fig. 2/1 (Poroszló); Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXX-CXLVIII (Köröm), taf. CXLIX -CLVI1; (Priigy); László 1994, p. 78, fig. 29/7 (Grăniceşti). 555 Patay 1976, abb. 2/1. 556 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXL/1, CXIX/10. 557 Kacsó 1975, p. 62. 558 Németi 1990, p.41,47. 559 Németi 1990, fig. 3/6, 6/6, 9/3,5 (Berveni), 11 /2, 15/6 (Carei), 22/2 (Ciumeşti). 560 Kemenczei 1984, fig. CXXV/ 12,13,15,16,18,19. 561 Kacsó 1971, p.41; Kacsó 1975, p. 53. 562 Kacsó 1993, p. 30, fig 2-5 (Suciu de Sus). 81
