Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
well as vertically elongated knobs (AC) or the ornate groups of two or four knobs (AH and AI). Some vessels are fitted with associations of different knobs types or group of knobs (PL 28/5). The form of knobs and their arrangement on different types of vessels are observable in the case of Gáva I506 507 and Lăpuş 307 type finds. Ribs (the B group of ornaments) are represented by horizontal appliqué ribs (BA), horizontal appliqué ribs with a small arching (BB), horizontal ribs from which oblique ribs descend (BC), horizontal rib including four knobs from which arched ribs descend (BD), oblique ribs strongly slanted (BE), oblique ribs slighdy slanted (BF), vertical ribs (BG), an arch in relief (BH), arched ribs framed by vertical ribs (BI). Within the Lăpuş II—Gáva I pottery from Petea—Csengersima there is a great number of ornamental motifs consisting of relief ribs. Alongside channelled decoration these represent the characteristic complex of the decoration of amphorae. At the level of this cultural horizon there is a noticeable closeness between channelled decoradon and rib decoradon, since some fine and closely placed ribs are sometimes indistinguishable from wide channelled decoration. Type BB, BC, BD, BE, BF and BG ribs are present especially on amphorae, sometimes in association (PL 9/11, 11/5, 12/12, 16/2, 18/1-3,10, 28/7). Ornaments in relief are frequent on amphorae of the Lăpuş II phase, but also on some vessels from the north-eastern region of Hungary. Arches in relief BG are the most common type of rib as in the case of the pottery in the Suciu de Sus habitation. It is especially present on pots and bowls/dishes (PL 8/1, 10/1,10) as well as within Gáva I508 and Lăpuş II509 finds. The relief ornaments of the Lăpuş II—Gáva I pottery at Petea—Csengersima lack the fingerimpressed appliqué belts present on Gáva I pots in the region of Carei510 or the fingerimpressed and notched appliqué ribs present on the vessels of the Lăpuş group5”. Protuberances obtained by means of pushing the walls outwards (the Cgroup of ornaments). These are present in the following forms: hypertrophied conical protuberances (CA), oval protuberances (CB), and arched protuberances (CC). The hollow conical protuberances (motif CA) appear on an amphorae from the setdement at Petea—Csengersima (PL 4/8). These are placed obliquely on the vessel’s shoulder and are decorated with spiralled channel decoradon. The channelled protuberances placed obliquely on the vessel’s shoulder are characteristic of the early phase of the Gáva culture512, a fact confirmed in the case of the examples discussed by the general shape of the vessel and by the presence of other accessories and ornaments specific of this phase513. Conical hypertrophied protuberances with spiralled or concentric channelled decoration were discovered in great numbers within the Gáva culture in a wide area of the Upper Tisa Basin: the north-east of Hungary”4, the Plain of Carei515 and the east of Slovakia516. These are frequendy encountered on identical vessels from the Lăpuş group517. In the case of the finds 506 Németi 1990, p. 40-41. 507 Kacsó 1981, p. 64; Kacsó 1990, p. 81 (Libotin); Kacsó 1993, p. 30, 48 (Suciu de Sus and Groşii Ţibleşului). 508 Németi 1990, fig. 4/4, 7/3,4 (Berveni), 15/5,11 (Carei); Mozsolics - Hegedűsz 1963, fig. 2 (Nagykálló). 509 Kacsó 1981, p. 64-65 (Lăpuş). 510 Németi 1990, p. 40, fig. 1/15,11/3,13/5. 511 Kacsó 1981, p. 64-65; Kacsó 1990, p. 81; Kacsó 1993, p. 30. 512 Vasiliev 2008, p. 9. 513 Vasiliev 2008, p. 9-10. 514 Patay 1976, fig. 2/1-2; Kemenczei 1984, CXXIX/1,16, CXXX/1-2,7,12, CXXXI/10,15, CXL/1, CXLIX/10, CLII/17; Mozsolics 1985, taf.158/1. 5.5 Németi 1990, fig. 6/1 (Berveni), 13/1 (Carei). 5.6 Demeterová 1986, taf. II/4 (Borsa). 5.7 Kacsó 1993, pl. IX/18 (Suciu de Sus); Kacsó 2001, abb. 11,12,13,14,15 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 2003, pl. XXVII/3 (Oarţa de Sus). 77
