Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
traditions490. Type 4 cups are present also within the pottery of the Lăpuş group, where their origin is confirmed to be within the Suciu de Sus culture491. In the necropolis at Lăpuş a cup which was similar in form but taller is most common492. These are identical with the cup from Petea-Csengersima attributed to subtype IB. Type 5 comprises cups with arched bodies and over raised handles. It is similar in form with the preceding type, however it has the lower part of the body taller and the shoulder is well marked but it is not in relief. A sole example was discovered in the complex 589 vessel deposit (PL 61/4), and a handle found in the same pit seems to belong also to a type 5 cup. The rarity of this type within the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation at Petea- Csengersima influences me to draw the conclusion that the type 5 cup is a result of the local type 4 or an import from western and north-western cultural environments493. Type 5 is present within the Gáva finds from the east of Hungary494 and Bucovina495. The Hallstattian finds from Transylvania indicate that this cup type had a fairly long existence496. Type 6 is represented by a cup with conical cup and over raised handle. A single complete example was discovered (PI. 33/9). Such cups are present within the Gáva I pottery from the area of Carei497 but also within the pottery of the Lăpuş group4 . Strainers. These are a pottery form with reduced occurrence, represented by three vessels. Two strainer types can be distinguished: type 1 has perforations only on its base and type 2 has perforations also on the walls. Within type 1 a few examples stand out and belong to larger vessels made from intermediate clay in the shape of a pot or bowl (PI. 26/1) (variant 1A). Another vessel with perforations only on the base made from fine clay has the shape of a small bowl (diam. 16 cm), fitted with two small handles (PI. 17/2) (variant 1B). The second type is illustrated by a sole vessel fragment (PI. 42/15). Strainers with perforations on the walls are present in Lăpuş II finds499 as well as those of Gáva I type from the region of Carei500. Both types have antecedents in the Suciu de Sus pottery from the two settlements. A special case is that of a strainer found in a ritual/ ceremonial deposit S14cx5 at Petea- Csengersima. Its placement together with: a grinder, cooking vessels, a vessel likely to be used in fermentation and vessels used for the serving of liquids, can suggest a connection with the filtering of beer501, a practice taken into account also in the case of metal strainers from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age502. Lids Lids represent a less used pottery form, only three examples having been found within the complexes of the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation at Petea-Csengersima. The existence of two different types was noted. The first of these, discovered in a fragmentary state is 490 Németi 1990, fig. 3/6. 491 Kacsó 1981, p. 42 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1990, fig. 9/14,15 (Libotin). 492 Kacsó 1981a, p. 42, 87, 92. 493 Chidioşan - Emödi 1982, fig.5/1-4; Chidoşan - Emödi 1983, fig. 8/2-6 (Igriţa group); Kemenczei 1984, taf. XVIII/2,16 (Piliny culture). 494 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXV/8-10, CXXVI/3, CXXXI/13, CXXXIII/13,17, CXXXIV/8-10,13, XLVIII/14. 495 László 1994, p. 81 (tip 5A), fig. 35/1-2. 496 Vasiliev - Gaiu 1980, fig. 10/11 (Ciceu-Corabia); Lupu 1989, pi. 4/11 (Tilişca); Vasiliev — Aldea - Ciugudean 1991, p. 90, fig. 38/17-19,22 (Teleac, nivelele II şi III). 497 Németi 1990, fig. 2/4. 498 Kacsó 1981, p. 43 (tipul XIC3). 499 Kacsó 1981, p. 49-50 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1990, fig. 10/3 (Libotin). 51)0 Németi 1990, fig. 6/9. 50' Marta 2008, p. 120. 502 Kossak 1964, p. 99-100; Schauer 1996, p. 364. 75
