Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
Baierdorf type knives appear in the BzD stage and continue to be used in the HaAl stage, having a high frequency in Lower Austria and in the north-vest of Germany. In the Carpathian region these finds are present only in contexts linked with the HaAl stage344 345, a fact that might indicate a narrower date for this region, during the HaAl stage. Thus it can be stated that during the HaAl the Lăpuş II-Gáva I habitation already functions at Petea— Csengersima. There is likely to be kept in use the excised-incised pottery within Petea- Csengersima. It is also possible that these are in secondary position. A few finds from the Upper Tisa region and the north of Transylvania offer an insight into the transition from excised-incised pottery (Suciu de Sus and Lăpuş I) to the channelled decoration (Gáva I or Lăpuş II). Pottery fragments with excised decoration with analogies within the Suciu or Lăpuş pottery had been found at Carei— Spitz Farm. The settlement was attributed to the Gáva I phase, containing also a bronze deposit from the Cincu-Suseni/ Kurd series343. The dating of the iron socketed axe from tumulus no. 1 in Lăpuş within the Ha Al346 347 stage proves the use of excised pottery as far as this chronological 1 347phase . The association of excised pottery with Lăpuş II type pottery is encountered in tumulus no. 9 and no. 16 at Lăpuş and also within the find from Libotin. Based on the presence within these finds of some pieces specific of Uriu-Opályi type deposits, the transition from the Lăpuş I phase to Lăpuş II was established as taking place in a previous stage that corresponds to phase BzD348. Also within this stage the existence of a vessel was observed, with black outside and red interior, within the deposit at Kriva349. The interpretation of the data presented offers the following picture: 1. At Petea-Csengersima there are indications for a long survival of excised pottery during the BzD stage. Moreover — alongside the dating of the iron axe from Lăpuş within the Ha Al stage and the situation within the settlement at Carei— Spitz Farm— a continuous use of excised decoration during the HaAl phase can also be taken into consideration (probably during its beginning). 2. It appears to be used on a reduced scale with black-red channelled pottery. The finds from Lăpuş, Libotin and the vessel from the bronze deposit of Kriva indicate that bichrome channelled pottery begins to be used in the BzD stage (however within the first two sites these are together and in close connection with excised pottery). The conclusion is that the transition from excised pottery to bi-chrome channelled pottery took place during a shorter or longer time span from the end of the BzD stage to the beginning of the HaA stage. This is based on the fact that within the sites in which datable metal finds were discovered associated with great quantities of excised and channelled pottery, the first category is linked first of all with the BzD stage while the second with the HaAl stage. The same picture is offered also by the vessels discovered together with bronze deposits. 344 The analogies and the problem of dating are discussed alongside the presentation of the bronze finds from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation. 345 The deposit from Carei is dated by N. Iercoşan (1988) within BzD/ HaAl and is attributed to the Uriu type. The same dating is given by T. Bader (1996, p. 266-267, 270). I. Németi attributes it to the Cincu—Suseni/ Kurd type. The great number of cake ingot fragments and sickle fragments are further arguments for the later date. Alongside the published pieces a bronze ingot was also discovered (Németi 1999, p. 68), and a winged axe and bracelet in 2007. 346 Rusu 1972, p. 16; László 1975, p. 25-26. 347 Vasiliev 1983, p. 40. 348 Kacsó 1975, p. 68; Kacsó 1990, p. 81; Kacsó 2001, p. 237-238. The variant of the end of the BzD stage was also forwarded (Kacsó 1990a, p. 47). 349 Kobal’ 2000, p. 83, taf. 8/24. 53
