Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
Alongside the previously mentioned vessels, the specific forms of the settlements from Boineşti and Culciu Mic may also be considered the bowl with arched neck310 and the cup with globular body and tall neck311. It was already observed that the decoration of the pottery from Boineşti and Culciu Mic is still strongly under the influence of the Suciu de Sus I phase due to the central role played by incised ornaments: spirals, arches, the triangular areas between ornaments formed from incised parallel lines etc. Other ornaments specific of the Suciu de Sus I phase continue to be used, like the appliqué belt with finger-impressed decoration312 and the strip of “wheat grain” impressions on the rims of vessels. Beside these, other ornamental motifs appear to be also used during the late phase of the Suciu de Sus culture: the decorative strips on the rims of vessels formed from hachured lines313 or oblique incised lines314. The excised motifs that now appear are reduced to ornaments obtained in a simple manner315 * * as compared to the complex ornaments from the late phase of the culture (like for example the circular motifs: LF, LG, LI, LJ, LN and LO or the spiral motifs: MD, ME, MF, MG, MH, MI, MJ, ML, NA and NE). By comparing the pottery from Culciu Mic and Boineşti with that of the settlements from the late phase of the Suciu de Sus culture we may conclude that there are a few vessels that are common of both pottery repertories, from which an important part is represented by vessel types made from coarse clay (pots, bowls etc.). However, a great number of the forms and ornaments present in Culciu Mic and Boineşti are not transmitted to the settlements from Petea—Csengersima. Moreover, in the potter)' repertory of the settlement at Petea—Csengersima there are several elements of form and especially decoration that hadn't appeared yet on the pottery from Boineşti and Culciu Mic at that time. The differences between the potteries of these settlements indicate a discontinuity within the pottery’s evolution, a discontinuity which could reflect a chronological difference. Therefore the settlements at Petea—Csengersima and Culciu Mare (based on the published material) emerge only after a time interval since the end of the settlements at Boineşti and Culciu Mic. The time span between the end of the settlements at Boineşti and Culciu Mic and the beginning of the settlements at Petea—Csengersima and Culciu Mare seems to be covered — from the perspective of the pottery’s evolution — by some sites that contain elements present in both groups of settlements. This is indicated by the chronology of bronze pieces from these settlements, and also by the exchanges made with the neighbouring cultural group, Hajdúbagos—Cehăluţ. In order to illustrate this situation a comparison will be made with a few sites for which there is more extensive published ceramic material. To this, one can notice an extensive use of the incision technique (compared to Petea—Csengersima) in the settlements at Oarţa de Jos—Vâlceaua Rusuluii,<:, Bicaz—Igoaiei/7 or within the finds from Ucraine, from Diakovo318 and from Kvasovo319. First of all it should be mentioned that there is still a frequent occurrence in the above mentioned settlements of the ornament formed from triangular spaces filled with incised lines placed in the space between the spirals and arches320. 310 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/14. 3,1 Bader 1978, pl. XLV/8. 312 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/6, XLIX/3. 313 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/11,13,18. 3.4 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/14,19,30. 3.5 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/13,18, XLVIII/12 (spirale), XLVII/14,15,32,34. 3.6 Kacsó 2004, abb.2,3,7. 3.7 Kacsó 2005, pl 1,4,5,6,7. 318 Balahuri 1969, ris. 1,2,3; Balahuri 2001, ris 66, 70a. 319 Balahuri 2001, ris. 71, 71a. 320 Kacsó 2004, abb. 2/1,5, 3/3, 7/4 (Oarţa de Jos); Kacsó 2005, pl. 1/17,19, 6/9,12 (Bicaz); Balahuri 1969, ris. 1/2-3,7-10,17, 2/6,9; Balahuri 2001, ris. 66/5 (Diakovo), Balahuri 2001, ris. 71a/5 (Kvasovo). 50
