Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
examples from Petea belong to the 3rd variant established by A. Hochstetter271. This needle variant comprises examples with discs and protuberances on the neck which usually have very large dimensions. With the exception of one example that occurrs in Ukraine, to the East of the Carpathians, the examples of this needle variant are grouped in the Upper Tisa Basin272. From among the 16 needles with protuberances on the neck that have been discovered in this area, 12 examples also have discs. The two needles with broken heads from Chudl’ovo273 have been associated in a deposit with pieces that were fit with discs. They were relatively long. This aspect made them specific of the Noua needle variant with disc. We meet here the opinion of the author who published them274, namely that these needles had discs before being broken as well. The needle from the deposit at Tiszabezdéd275 276, due to its length which exceeds 50 cm, also seems to have had a disc before its head was broken. Basically in this region, among the Noua type needles only the needle from Nyírkárász— Gyulaháza2 6 haven't had a disc. The dating and the cultural attribution of the variant with massive needles fit with protuberances is assured by their presence exclusively within the Uriu—Opályi277 278 type deposits, and by two graves assigned to the Suciu de Sus culture (at Nyírkárász—Gyulaháza together with bronze finds that are specific of the same deposit type) 278. Recently, a needle with protuberances was discovered in the settlement at Seini together with Suciu pottery with excised decoration279. Lockring (PI. 36/1). Has a circular section, both of its terminals are coiled on a portion greater than the half of its circumference. Lockrings are common finds in the Bronze Age settlements. As close analogies stand the examples discovered within the Igriţa group (the Izbândiş cave)280 and in the early Hallstattian settlement at Carei — Spitz Farm281. Clay mights were found in a few dwellings and in a great number of pits of the settlement at Petea-Csengersima. The majority of these finds had a fragmentary state, being found in pits together with other ceramic categories. Two types can be distinguished, one with a round section (PL 11/15, 66/7) and the other with a rectangular section (PI. 11/14). This type of objects are present in numerous prehistoric cultures and based on their dimensions and context of discovery it is supposed that they were loom weights, weights of fishing nets or weights used to hold down the straw/reeds used to cover the roofs with. Clay weights were found also in the Suciu de Sus culture282 where, based on the presence of an example on a hearth within a dwelling at Vad, these are considered objects related to fire283. Clay spoons are represented by examples with compact handles (Pl.49/9) and by examples with tubular handles (PL 6/3). The spoon with clay handle from Petea — Csengersima (PI 49/9) was discovered together with a Hajdúbagos—Cehăluţ cup, however similar finds were discovered in settlements of the Suciu de Suc culture284. On the other hand, given the fact that spoons with clay handles are known since the Middle Bronze Age 271 Hochstetter 1981, p. 258, abb. 5/1-6. 272 Hochstetter 1981, abb. 6; Kobal’ 1998, abb. 4. 273 Kobal’ 1998, taf. IV/3,4. 274 Kobal’ 1998, p. 34. 275 Mozsolics 1973, p. 182-183, taf. 57/18. 276 Mozsolics 1960, taf. 69/8. 277 Beltiug (Bader 1978, p. 120, pl. LXXVII/15), Chudl’ovo (Kobal’ 1998, taf. IV/1-4), Obava (Hochstetter 1981, p. 258, abb. 5/5), Ópályi (Mozsolics 1963, taf. 5/5-6.), Tiszabezdéd (Mozsolics 1973, p. 182-183, taf. 57/18). 278 Nyírkárász—Gyulaháza (Mozsolics 1960, taf. 69/8), Zemplínske Kopcany (Demeterová 1984, p. 47, pi. VI/1). 279 I would like to thank Dan Pop for this information. 280 Chidioşan — Emödi 1983, fig. 9/ 3. 281 Németi 1990, fig. 16/ 6. 282 Bader 1978, p. 73, pl. XLIX, 25; Balahuri 2001, ris.567/8,10. 283 Kacsó 1981, p. 68. 284 Bader 1978, p. 73, pl. XLV/13; Balahuri 2001, ris. 67/9, Kacsó 2004, abb. 7/9. 45
