Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
used to decorate the necks of amphorae and cups. One of the rare cases when horizontal lines are the main decorative theme is motif GF, where a horizontal line accompanied by notches and oblique lines of identical shape decorate the bodies of some cups. Horizontal lines, especially in simple form are used to frame the decorative registers (GN, GM) and are common on the pottery from the sites of the Suciu de Sus culture. The motifs formed by horizontal lines accompanied by small notches or triangles (GB, GC, GD, GE, GG, GH, GI, GJ, GK), without being absent from the Suciu de Sus culture233,will become widely used in the first phase of the Lăpuş group where arranged horizontally or in the form of a cube they will play an important part in adorning the necks and bodies of amphorae almost totally replacing the spiral234. In the first phase of the Lăpuş group the habit of accompanying the incised lines with rows of notches and triangle becomes widely used. It will also be adopted in the case of the traditional spiral motif where notches flank the last spiral of the motif or the lines that link the spirals235. As in the case of the Lăpuş group, these motifs come to be used in a wider area in the last phase of the Suciu de Sus culture. This is illustrated by their intense presence on fragments with excised decoration discovered in the Gáva I habitation in the area of Carei236. In the Lăpuş II—Gáva I complexes of the settlement at Petea—Csengersima these ornaments are present without being remarkably frequent as compared to other ornaments obtained through excision (see the chapter regarding the Lăpuş II—Gáva I material). The strip formed from deeply incised horizontal lines will continue to be present on the necks of some cups with over raised handles from the Lăpuş II phase237 and from the Gáva I phase238 as well as in the habitations at Petea—Csengersima that were subsequent to the Suciu culture (see the chapter regarding the Lăpuş II-Gáva I material). At Lăpuş they continue to be used in an isolated manner also for the decoration of the necks of amphorae from the second phase239. Incised vertical or oblique lines and the motifs that emerged out of these lines (the H group of omaments-Tpp. pi. 3). This group of ornamental motifs forms decorative bands that have a secondary role in the general ornamentation of vessels. The band took shape from vertical lines (HA), from oblique lines (HB) and from hachured lines (HC). They are used to decorate the underside of the rims of a great number of vessels used for serving meals (amphorae, bowls/dishes, cups). The motif formed from oblique incised lines (HB) is widespread, being present on a number of 89 vessels found in complexes. This is present almost in all cases on the underside of the rim, only in very rare cases short lines are placed on the edge of the rim. There is a clear difference compared to the earlier phases of the culture, when decoration using short oblique lines and especially impressions of the “wheat seed” type are found on the edge of the rims of vessels240. The perpetuation of this manner of decorating the rims of vessels241 in some settlements of the Suciu III phase - an element that is present together with other archaic forms and decoration — is another argument for considering about the setdement at Petea-Csengersima that it functioned in a late period of the Suciu de Sus culture. 233 Kalicz 1960, pi. 11/2,5; Bader 1978, pi. L/2,3,4,12,13, LI/3; Kacsó 2004, abb.3/12, 5/1; Kacsó 2005, pl. 2/1, 5/4,10,11; Tóth-Marta 2005, abb. 4, 8/1, 11/1,7. 234 Kacsó 2001, abb. 4,5,6,7,8,11. 235 Kacsó 2001, abb. 23, 24, 25. 236 Németi 1990, fig. 1/5,11, 4/1, 6/7, 9/4, 15/12. 237 Kacsó 1981, p. 42. On other cup’s types at C. Kacsó (2004a, pl. LIX/1,4, LX/1). 238 Kemenczei 1984, p. 70, taf. CXXV/12,13,15,16,18,19; Németi 1990, p. 41-42, fig. 3/6, 5/8, 9/3,5, 11/2, 15/6, 22/2. 239 Kacsó 2001, abb. 19a, 20. 24,1 Kacsó 1995, pl. VI/1, VIII/1-4, IX/1; Bader 1978, pl. XLIV/2; XLV/2,11,14; XLVI/8; XLVII/3,4,11,13,14, 16,18,19,25,29; Vasiliev et al. 2002, p. 38-41; Marta 2004, p. 40, pi. 11/1,3,6-8 241 Oarţa de Sus - Dealul Stremţului (Kacsó 2003, pl. XXII/3,8-10, 17), Oarţa de Jos - Vâlceaua Rusului (Kacsó 2004, abb, 2/2, abb. 3/5,6). 40
