Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
has a narrower mouth and its rim is vertical (PI. 30/1). In the complexes of the settlement only one example was found decorated with incised lines. Type 2 has a more slender and taller body than type 1. The rim is out curved, the maximum diameter being in the area of the shoulder, while the lower part of the body is elongated, conical (PL 15/10-11, 38/6, 54/14, 57/5). The handles of these cups is semicircular and not as over raised as the handles of type 1 whose upper part start from the rim. They occur rather frequent, 15 examples having been discovered within the complexes of the settlement. Only one vessel is decorated with vertical channelled decoration (FC). This type is poorly represented among the pottery of the Suciu de Sus culture16'. Type 3 has the upper part of the body straight and the lower part powerfully arched, in the form of a semi cap. Variant 3A (PI. 24/5) is shorter while variant 3B (PI. 44/10, 51/3, 57/4) is taller. 5 examples of variant 3A and 7 examples of variant 3B have been discovered in the archaeological complexes of the setdement at Petea-Csengersima. The majority of type 3 cups are undecorated with the exception of one example decorated by a row of dotted decoration (DA) and one with oblique channelled decoration (FA). There has not close analogies with other sites of the Suciu de Sus cultures. Type 4 cups are short with pronounced over raised handle (PI. 28/10,12, 31/3, 33/11, 42/10, 45/8, 51/11). Their cylindrical body is 2-3 cm tall and decorated with a strip formed by 4-5 deeply incised horizontal lines. An outlined line with 6-8 small protuberances separates the upper half of the vessel from the lower part, the latter one having a very marked slope, being almost horizontal. The arms of the handles start from the rim and the shoulder and are over raised exceeding at least twice the height of the vessel. Some examples are decorated on the shoulder with a strip formed from short incised lines. The frequency of type 4 cups is relatively low. There were only 10 vessels in the complexes of the settlement at Petea—Csengersima. Only three examples are known167 168 169 from other Suciu de Sus sites, but on the other hand several vessels have been discovered in the setdement at Oarţa de Jos16). A great number of cups with over raised handles were discovered in the setdement at Nyirmada where there is a Suciu de Sus and Hajdúbagos cultural synthesis with specific elements of the Gáva culture170. This cup type becomes frequent in the habitation layer that succeeds the Suciu de Sus culture in the settlements at Petea-Csengersima. It is also well represented in the settlements of the Gáva culture from the area of Carei171 and also from the north-east of Hungary172. Type 4 cups are also present in the necropolis at Lăpuş, originating from the Suciu de Sus culture173. The transfer of the type 4 cups from the Suciu de Sus environment to that of the Lăpuş II—Gáva I is also visible in Petea-Csengersima, since alongside the cups with deeply incised line decoration inherited from the Suciu de Sus culture there are also vessels with channelled decoration. The small number of examples discovered and their grouping in areas of the two sites, where complexes from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation layer are present, seem to plead for an origin of the type 4 cups in a late phase of the Suciu culture. It is worth mentioning that a small number of complexes from these areas contain characteristic finds of both habitation layers174. 167 Kalicz I960, pl. II/1 (Nyíregyhaza — Morgó), IV/2 (Igrici - Matata). 168 Bader 1978, pl. 50/12; Potuşniak 1958, pl. 32/27a,b; Balahuri 1968, fig. 1/5. 169 Kacsó 1981, p. 41, note 114. 170 Tóth - Marta 2005, p. 120-128, abb, 11/5,7. 171 Németi 1990, p. 41-42. 172 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXXV/11-19; the discovery of an example is mentioned for Nagykálló — Telekolda! (Kacsó 1981, p. 41, note 114). 173 Kacsó 1981, p. 42. 174 The only complex found outside the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation is S40Cx47. It contained vessels that resemble Lăpuş type pottery. Faceted rims or red-black pottery were also found in two other complexes (S25cxl, S37cx28). 33
