Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
diameter of the mouth of 78 cm and a height of 74 cm, a capacity of 200 liters. The examples from the setdement at Petea-Csengersima have diameters of the mouth ranging between 44 and 48 cm, their fragmentary state impeding the assessment of their height. Storage jars are rare, only 11 examples have been discovered in the setdement at Petea-Csengersima. Usually they have accessories like handles, alongside with pointed bosses that have been used in one situation and wide bosses that have been used in a different situation. One of the vessels is adorned with brushed decoration. Storage jars are present in other Suciu de Sus setdements128 as well or within the Lăpuş group129. Portable cooking vessels. Cooking vessels have a support attached at the middle of their height in the form of two wide feet united by two side wings in the shape of an arch. The vessels (pots) have out curving rims and conical or slighdy rounded bodies. Their feet are either slighdy arched, either straight, having orifices in their upper half (PI. 6/1,2, 24/9, 51/6,8, 53/4). The vessels made from coarse clay are less numerous than the ones made from semi fine clay. Their colouring has different brick-red and yellow tones, some vessels are made from semi fine clay, grey coloured. Cooking vessels have an extensive employment, given the fact that from the total of the identified forms they represent 11,49%. Because of their fragmentary state it is not known whether all of the examples had perforations on the arches that unite the feet. However these are present on a great number of vessels (20 examples). The perforations, which are probably orifices for ventilation, are also present on the vessels published from other late Suciu setdements130. The situation in Petea-Csengersima shows that the number of vessels with perforations is kept high during the late Suciu phase, given the fact that their number is very low during the Lăpuş II-Gáva I horizon131. The lack of ventilation perforations seems to be linked with the arch uniting the legs that become narrower. This leads to a decrease in the boiling capacity of the vessel, which can be related to its abandonment during the advanced phase of the Gáva culture. The decoration of the cooking vessels from Petea-Csengersima is specific of coarse pottery: knobs and brushed decoration. The low frequency of the vessels decorated by brushing (5,7%) is opposite the high number of examples present in the late setdements in the eastern and southern regions of the Suciu de Sus culture132. The thumb-impressed appliqué rib decoration present on some vessels of the Suciu I phase133 cannot be found on any vessel from the setdement at Petea- Csengersima. In what concerns the origin of the cooking vessel, the earliest examples in the Carpathian region are considered to be the ones discovered in the cultural area of the Platvan culture, dated to the third phase of the Early Bronze Age134. During the Middle Bronze Age different types of cooking vessels spread throughout a wide area of the Carpathian region135. In the north-west of Romania, cooking vessels with built in pot appear during the 3rd phase of the Otomani136 and Wietenberg137 cultures. Cooking vessels are present in the first phase of the Suciu de Sus culture138, having a very similar form to the vessels which flourish in the 128 Balahuril969, ris. 2/ 13; Kacsó 1980, fig. 2/20; Bader-Lazin 1980, fig. 15; 129 Kacsó 1981; p. 35, pi. 24, 31; Kacsó 1990, p. 80, fig. 7/11. 130 Bader 1978, pl. LII1/1, 2; Pop 2003, fig. 8/3,10; Kacsó 2003, pl. 1/18; Kacsó 2004, pl. 6/9; Kacsó 2005, pl. 14/6. 131 There is no example of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I setdement at Petea-Csengersima. At Lăpuş are only a few vessels with perforations (Kacsó 1981, p.48). 132 Pop 2003, p. 87, fig. 8/3,4,6,8,9,11,13,15; Kacsó 1980, fig. 2/30; Kacsó 1987, abb 2/44; Kacsó 2003, pl. 1/18,11/14, VIII/7-9, IX/9-12, XXXIII/10,11,14, XXXV/11,12, XXXVI/1,2; Kacsó 2004, pl. 6/8-11. 133 Kacsó 1995, pl. V/1,2. 134 Fischl — Kiss - Kulcsár 2001, p. 169. 135 Fischl — Kiss - Kulcsár 2001, p. 169; Romsauer 2003, p. 30-34, 175. 136 Bader 1978, p. 55. 137 Boroffka 1994, p. 168. 138 Kacsó 1987, 59; abb. 7/9-11; Kacsó 1995, p. 95, pl. V/l-7; Kobal' 1997, pl. 4/8. 28
