Grigorescu, Felicia: Forme de artă în cimitire evreieşti din nord-vestul Romaniei (Satu Mare, 2013)
Glosar de termeni
photograph an entire funeral stone because of the vegetation. Many rural cemeteries adjacent to the Christian ones are kept in good conditions nowadays by the Christian communities at the priests’ request . From all the visited cemeteries in the studied area, from other parts of Romania or from Europe, the Idolod cemetery is considered to be unique. The villagers know its place. On a side road starting from the main road, after the way out from between the houses, on the right, separated by the village’s road - a little deep ditch, resists a green oasis with seven Jewish funeral stones. Six are standing upright from which five are in a row: three of I. A.2.c. type, one of I.A.2.a. type, a double pedestal with three levels and two arched bricks, and in front of them, just as Moses in front of the people, is the sixth stone of obelisk type. In the grass, almost swallowed by the ground, is one more stone, the seventh one. The surface, as big as the result of a circle with a base of approximately ten meters and a little over four meters tall, is the only not fenced surface I have met in the entire researched area. In its back it extends an enormous callosity and the gravel of a big stone pit, without green, only equipments and heaps of stones. On one side and on the other of the Jewish cemetery, enter and exit the pit’s roads, which have been avoiding it for years, wondering that they are suborning not to disappear (Pic. 90). In the old cemetery from Carei, the oldest stone from the studied area has been discovered, dating from 1744. As a region in which the Jews had been brought the first time in a big number, Carei has two big cemeteries. The cemetery from Târgu Lăpuş is situated on Eminescu Street, on the hill from the front of the high school, at less than 100 meters from the main way. At the entrance is a house build probably on the nucleus of the old cemetery like constructions. In this little city of Maramureş existed at the beginning of the XX century, a numerous Jewish community. Here used to live Jews having businesses in Baia Mare, but which couldn’t establish them there, because of the Jew’s prohibition of establishing themselves in mining cities. In opposition to most of the funeral stones from the studied area, this cemetery individualizes itself at least through two characteristic elements: its position on a hilly surface with displacements, fact which burdens the perfect alignment of the graves as well as the massiveness of the funeral stones. The average settled proportion of the stone changes through the width grow, the report height/width being of approximately 2/1,5. The thickness grows as well to over 20 cm in some cases tripling, as against 6-8 cm in other cemeteries. The most frequent form is A.I.a.l. This presents sometimes clear pseudo-architectural forms, some other times stylized (with essentialized architectural elements). In the studied area the majority of the tombstones are placed in vertical position, after the Ashkenazi model. In many sources (already quoted) there exists information about the fact that the funeral stones from the Jewish cemeteries were coloured. In the research made we identified neither such stones nor indications proving the existence of such stones. In order to identify some funeral stonemason workshops, many monographs and registers from archives with trades practiced and the names of the masters were consulted, but those masons who had supposedly worked for the Jews were not identified. In one case, in the neologist cemetery from Oradea, on the metallic gate of the funeral monument’s fence there was identified a fixed metallic plate with a writing in 7 l7S Oral in formation from the natives met during the visits to the Jewsih cemeteries. 148
