Grigorescu, Felicia: Forme de artă în cimitire evreieşti din nord-vestul Romaniei (Satu Mare, 2013)
Glosar de termeni
upper exterior corner there is a rectangle that is individualized, ready for something to be executed in him. The one of the left stone was left empty, in the right one the profile of a woman’s portrait is executed, with her face towards the other stone. The relief of the sculpture is made sufficiently high as to catch the woman’s distinctive features realistically: the coiffure with the hair under the ear’s basis, curled on the forehead, smoothed on the top of the head, and neatly lowered towards the exterior, in rows of curls on the back. The epitaph is lapidary, written in Hungarian and contains: the scientific degree, the name and lived time of the deceased: Dr. Bársony Vilmosné, Bock Évi, 1921.VI - 1954.III.1. The gravestone is one of the newest in the cemetery, executed immediately after the middle of the 20lh century. This is not the only sculpted portrait to be identified in a Jewish cemetery in the area. On a gravestone in the cemetery of Baia Mare, on the round panel attached to a column, the relief profile of a man was identified - a type of representation met also in the cemetery of Debrecen. Between the two cemeteries, there is another likeness, resulted from the usage of large decorative vessels. Other anthropomorphic elements The hand. In Baia Mare, the cemetery has two adjacent rectangular tombstones, one that is higher and from which a hand comes out, holding the smaller stone, with the fingers on the latter’s corner. According to the names and dates of birth, they seem to be the father-son tombstones, the son deceased before the father. The heart. The heart as a Jewish funeral ornamental motif was met most frequently in the area of Lăpuş, where the massiveness of the gravestones generates a higher sculpted relief. Most of these stones present, in the field of decoration, a circleshaped relief in which or next to which the two letters of the Hebrew formula here rests appear. The circle was replaced in a few instances with a heart, displayed up-side-down (Pic. 81). 8. Other ornamental motifs The Hebraic writing. A special type of ornament is the Hebraic writing. In the urban cemeteries, on the grandiose gravestones, the writing appears as low relief. As for the common monuments, it usually appears as incision, with block letters of no great dimensions, yet easily to be read. It frequently undertakes a decorative function, as well, and it can appear on any of the components of the gravestone: on the stone’s body as epitaph, in the fronton as an abridged ritual formula or a Biblical psalm, which rarely appears on the pedestal (Pic. 82). As mentioned, the Hebrew writing does not have capital letters and has followed a single form, known as the square writing - quadrata hebraica ', name taken from the shape of the letter with the harmonious duct. The feather. This iconographic motif was found in the funeral ornamentation more frequently in the cemeteries from Oradea, both in the new ones and in the old cemetery in Velenţa. 161 161 Silviu Sanie, Dăinuire..., p. 271 141
