Grigorescu, Felicia: Forme de artă în cimitire evreieşti din nord-vestul Romaniei (Satu Mare, 2013)
Glosar de termeni
generally though are not too high. They are frequent in studied bordering areas retrieving in North-East Hungary to Debrecen and also in the cemeteries from Budapest, in Poland and in Moldavia . In their large variety, the architectural elements can be represented in various shapes, these sometimes receding from the relief, the element remaining only in a symbolic form, more probable. The column’s extension abatement and it’s melting in the marginal framing, this reaching only probable by the onlooker, gets very close to the two types. Abatements like this may reach the change of a certain type in another or vice versa, by emphasis or abatement of the elements. This may establish the historic development of a type from another and glide by abatement or development from one form to another one. 4. The double type (I.B.) The double tomb stone type frequently appears in the urban cemeteries. These monuments are larger and by their aesthetics it customizes cemetery context. These are intended for two dead people, which assume the existence of two epitaphs. Their breadth often are bigger, not just because the stone is doubled, but taken individually each half is more developed in width rather than the singular stones. The breadth/width relation changes, reaching shapes which are wider than higher, changing usually between 2/1,5 and 1,5/2. The subtypes are given by the way the doubling is made. Some doubled tombs are the result of two singular tombs’ joint. The others are produced with a single hunk, in which the separation is made by the decoration elements, applying to surprisingly inventive and aesthetic dividing solutions. The doubled subtype obtained by the joint of two singular tombs (I.A.l.a.a.a), keeps the structure of the previously described types. The pseudo-architectural ones will create particularly spectacular tombs. A rate-of-rise at the stone’s width is noticed. At first, they seem identical: the dimensions, their architectural shapes, the fields’ proportion, and the embroidery materials. However, detailed, the ways of treatment are observed the elements from which they are compound: the decoration chosen in the adornment field, the way the column’s body is treated: sleek, grooved or in rope moulding same as their extremity etc. Being stones of some husbands, the decoration is usually specific for rabbi and the other one his devotional wife. From the joining of two I.A.2.a. type stones results the double shape of the Board of Law, middle stones, in almost 1/1 proportion, this form being presented in most of the urban cemeteries. These two alternatives determined by the architectural composition of the monument, are really the double ones, being formed by two distinct architectural units. The subtype, in which the separation occurs only in the stone’s field, is more frequent in the old cemetery from Oradea. The separation is made by the symbolic elements of Hebraic cemeteries. For the spectacular accomplishments we stop at some examples. 83 84 83 Kopka János, Zsidóemlékek a Felsö-Tisza vidékén, Kelet Press, Nyíregyháza, 2004, (From now on: Emlékek...), 84 S. Sanie, Şirei..., p. 38. Form A-II 120
