Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Teodor Pavel: Wold War I and Revolutionary Options in Central-Eastern Europe: the Project of the "Insurrection" of Romania at the End of the Year 1917
plan to “insurrect” Romania23, plan conceived and accepted earlier by the leaders of the Central Powers and the Lenin-Trotzki group. In that period, the Swedish capital was one of the most active centers of the German diplomacy and espionage. It sheltered the “nucleus” of the well-known “league of the allogeneous peoples from Russia” founded in March 1916 by the “non-Russian” or “allogeneous emigrants from all over the Russian empire”. There, a true “revolving plate” was organized round the German ambassador, baron Helmut Lucius von Stoedten, for the secret plan of Berlin which aimed at the taking out Russia of the war by coordinating the military action on the West front with the “insurrecting” of the democratic and revolutionary forces from the Russian empire. The plan took shape gradually, from the outburst of the war till the summer of 1915, when it was approved by emperor Wilhelm II and his chancellor Bethmann Hollweg. Its fulfilment became a major objective both of the army and of the German diplomacy. The coordinating role of the forces employed with that aim in view was given to the Political Section of Berlin Foreign Ministry, but representatives of the High General Quarter of the German army were also co-opted. At the head of the political section was Arthur Zimmermann himself, the assistant of the Foreign Ministry, who in November 1916 became the Foreign Ministry of the Reich. A vast secret net was gradually set up round the centre's “Section” which had branches in different capitals found in close vicinity of the Russian empire. This happened especially in neutral countries and in the territories occupied by German-Austrian troupes. It included superior officers and high clerks, diplomats, agents, councellors from embassies, banquers, journalists, members of the universities etc.24 The German World War I and Revolutionary Options 23 From Stockholm the same Max Wassemann told Vienna and Berlin, in 31s1 December 1917: " Ich sprach mit Rakovski viel über die Zustände in der Moldau und legte ihm meinen Standpunkt vor, dass das rumänische System jetzt gebrochen weden muss, und weder Ferdinand noch Brätianu ein Erholungspause gewährt werden soll Rakovski dachte Tag und Nacht daran, wie man Räubemest im Iassy reinigen kann. Nun teilte er mir selbst unter strengster Diskretion mit, dass der tag der Abrechnung gekomen sei", P.A. Bonn, fond Rumänien 16. Geheime Akten/1918, R 9821. 24 Teodor Pavel, între Rusia ţarilor si Germania wilhelmiană. Un memoriu basarabean din 1916 (Between the Russia of the Wilhelmian Germany. A Bessarabian Memoir from 1916), Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 1966, p. 85-93. Further details in P.A.Bonn, Fond Weltkieg, 11 c, vol. 1-6, 1914; Seppo Zetterberg, Die Liga der fremdölker Russlands 1916-1918, Helsinki, 1978, p. 41- 50. 95
