Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Stepan Vidnyansky: Central-Eastern Europe int he Period Between Two World Wars: Between Democracy and Dictatorship
Stepan Vidnyansky results”. Evolution of the world in the period between wars had some legibly definited periods. 1918 -1923 years were the period of the post-war unstability and chaos. From the national and social conflicts, revolutions, reforms, revision of the borders, creation of the new sistem of international security, political and economical crises resulted: • Escalation of revolutionary processes, consequences of which were different in different countries. In Italy, in 1922 fascists came to power, in Hungary it was established authoritarian dictatorship, at the end of 1922 in USSR - comunist dictatorship, in Germany it was created Weimar Republic, based on the union of social-democracy and military-aristocratical highest ranks. • Escalations of democratical and workers movements and dissidence in the second one (creation of the Communist’s and Socialist’s internationals, joining up of the Trade Unions), reformative of the governments, directed on the taking down of the social tensions in the society. • Creating of Versailles-Washington system of the post-war relations (peace treaties with Germany and its allies were added by a series of agreements, which were signed on Washington’s Conference (the 12th of November 1922). This conference was dealing with the questions of the limitation of see arms and to the relations in Asian-Pacific region). 1924-1929 years was the period of stability. In these years countries of Europe and the USA managed with the cosequences of war, put the economy on the peace way, rebuilded it and started to increase the rates of its growth. For the period of stability, the next features of political and economical development of countries were typical: • Modernization of industrial production, introduction of the new technologies, of new branches and methods of organization of the work. • Stabilization of the monetary system. • Diminution of state regulation. • Creation of authoritarian regimes in the countries of Central-Eastern Europe (excepting, maybe, Czechoslovakia), establishment of fascist regime in Italy, rebirth of Russian empire in the form of the USSR and recognition of it on the international area. • Forming of the new system of European security, weakening of Versailles-Washington’s system. • Essential changes in political, cultural, social-psychological, moral 144
