Pop, Dan: The Middle Bronze Age Settlement of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Archaeological inventory and interpretation of the Middle Bronze Age features
and Boineşti, as well as the settlement at Oarţa de Jos Vâlceaua Rusului”, Bicaz - “lgoaie", Diakovo and Kvasovo. This phase pottery has both incised and excised decorations. Finally, phase lib is dated in the Reinecke D period and is represented by the discoveries made at Culciu Mare, Lazuri and Pctea - Csengersima where excision prevails in pottery decorationll)S. Based on the observations made at the necropolis from Zemplínske Kopcany, S. Demeterová has suggested a two phase division of the finds in south-eastern Slovakia, Thus, there is a group of early discoveries (represented by the sites at Hnojné, Lastovcc, Ruská, Vekké Raskovce and some of the graves at Zemplínske Kopcany) dated in the Bz. BrB2/Ci and a second phase that covers the period of Bz. C/C2-Dlü9 being proved by the discoveries in the settlements from Nitriansky Hrădok şi Spissky Stvrtok. The fortified settlement at Nitriansky Hrádok that belonged to the Mad'arovce culture uncovered a Suciu de Sus vessel decorated with incised spirals110 in pit 245, together with materials of the most recent level of habitation in the settlement, dated in the Reinecke B| stage. The vessel most likely originated from the Early Suciu de Sus environment, in Hungary, Ukraine or Romania1". Also, the Otomani fortified settlement at Spissky Stvrtok unearthed a Suciu de Sus vessel, in feature no. 40, and was considered a place of offering112. In a series of articles debating the Stanovo culture (= Suciu de Sus) in the Transcarpathian Ukraine, E.A. Balaguri has dated the development of this culture throughout the Reinecke C and D periods113. On the other hand, other studies mention two stages of development: the first would be the Reinecke B2-C| period, and the second would be the Reinecke C2-D period114. The research of the two sites from Kvasove concluded to J. Kobaf that the pottery discovered in the settlement at Kvasove I belongs to a new phase of the Stanovo culture (= Suciu de Sus), namely to the IIIrd phase, which is characterized by new vessel forms as well as by the new black, polished pottery decorated by fluting besides the old one decorated by incision and excision. The author's opinion is that it finds analogies in the group of Lăpuş I and in the finds from Berveni. The latter ones have been assigned by J. Németi to the Gava I culture. The settlement at Kvasove II which has been assigned to the Middle Bronze Age (the Suciu de Sus culture, too) is situated nearby the one previously mentioned"5. Recent research from the north-eastern part of Hungary revealed that few of the discoveries initially assigned to the Suciu de Sus culture, actually belong to this culture. First, some of them were assigned to the Berkesz Demecser group, now it is obvious that they have been imports of the Suciu de Sus II culture in the Cehăluţ - Hajdúbagos environment, which proves their present times. For example, the settlement at Nyíregyháza-Morgó, so much quoted in the studies of the 70 s and not only, actually belongs to the Hajdúbagos group and not the Suciu de Sus culture. The few pottery sherds decorated by excised motifs have been imported from a Hajdúbagos settlement"1’. So, what is left to clarify is which of the sites assigned to the Suciu de Sus culture throughout the time, truly belong to this culture. In the end of this short presentation I would like to specify that in any of the Suciu de Sus settlements, the vertical stratigraphy has not confirmed the hypotheses stated here. In our opinion, as old research was published and has been used in building theories, and in the absence of a vertical stratigraphy to stand for these hypotheses, it seems most suitable at the moment to uphold the two-phase division: one represented by pottery with incised decoration and a second one with incised-excised decoration determined by horizontal stratigraphy. In order to date the early phase of the Suciu de Sus culture, characteristic of this stage have remained the discoveries made in the settlements at Culciu Mic and Boineşti, a pendant mould that was found in the pithouse at Culciu Mic and the bronze bracelet from Boineşti, as well as the recognition regarding the cross-cultural lus Marta 2009, 94-101. 109 Demeterová 1984, 42-50; Demeterová 1987, 305-315; Demeterová 1989, 172; Furmánek 1982, 379; Furmánek 1991,30-31; Furmánek, Veliacik, Vladár 1999, 100-101, fig.42-43. 110 Vladár 1973,276, pl. 20. 111 Furmánek, Veliacik, Vladár 1999, 101. 112 Vladár, Bartonék 1977, 328, 383 pl. 13. 113 Balaguri 1969a, 68; Balaguri 1976, 253-254; Balaguri 2001,272. 114 Balaguri 1990b, 121. 115 Kobal’ 2007, 592, 594, fig.8/5-7. 115 Material from the Jósa András Museum of Nyíregyháza. Nagy 2007, 121-154; Kacsó 2007a, 43-62; Bejinariu, Székely, Sana 2008, 191-224; Marta 2009, 99-100. 23
