Virag, Cristian: Situl neolitic Halmeu - Vamă (Satu Mare, 2015)
Abridged version
for measurements was limited by the restrictions established by the customs authorities, as we investigated a border zone, and by the areas with buildings and metal fences that influenced the results of the measurements. Thus, we managed to measure three grids of 50 x 50 m each (fig. 7, 8). The first grid was in the vicinity of Cx. 2/2006 in line with Cx. 1/2012 (fig. 119, 120, 148/b), and the other two were between Cx. 4/2006 and the Egher Valley (fig. 7, 8). In the area of the first grid we made a research trench that revealed a surface building. The features Cx 2, Cx 4 and Cx 7 were found to be in correlation, being parallel and with similar dimensions. They are interpreted as foundation trenches for the walls of a surface building (fig. 123, 124). Cx. 3 was parallel to the surface structure, and the architectural element was closed by Cx. 1, which is oriented the same as Cx 2, Cx 4 and Cx 7 but in the direction of Cx 3. Since Su X / 2014 was positioned in the direction of the fortification ditch, we assumed that these features form the gateway into the settlement and the surface construction made of Cx 2, Cx 4, Cx 7 represented a kind of bastion. Such buildings located on fortification systems find their analogies in other Neolithic settlements such as those belonging to the Iclod group. A rectangular building on the fortification system was discovered at Fundătura17 from the Iclod I horizon, the recent Zau culture18. Analogies for constructions of the type tower-bastion can be found at Ţaga19, Zau de Câmpie20, Orăştie21 Turdaş22. В. Palisades We discovered the first segment of a palisade in 2008. Within the construction area for the Ava Tour Duty-Free shop (fig. 92) was identified Cx. 9, a palisade ditch that surrounded the Neolithic settlement in a certain stage of its occupation. We discovered an entry into the site and it was marked by two large gate posts: Cx. 9/A with the dimensions of 1.40 x 0.92 m and Cx. 9/B with the dimensions of 1.40 x 0.84 m. Both postholes had the maximum depth of 0.60 m. Both features preserved the proper postholes, each with a diameter of 0.60 m (fig. 92, 93, 149). In the back, there were discovered two smaller postholes, likely to come from the posts sustaining the gate. The trench had a variable width of 0.20 to 0.40 m and a depth that ranged from 0.50 to 0.20 m. The fill of the ditch was a dark brown clay. The distance between the fortification ditch (Cx. 4/2008) and the palisade was about 25 m, the palisade being positioned in front of the ditch. During the 2009 excavations in the area of the access road into the customs, in the direction of the entry into the country (Su I / 2009; fig. 118) were discovered three trenches that in our opinion are three rows of palisades. Cx. 5 (4 x 0,4 m) is a ditch, partially captured that lacked ceramic material. The walls were straight, the bottom flat, the fill dark brown. The depth of the feature was 0.60 m. Cx. 6 (5 x 0,3 m) was a ditch, partially identified, with no archaeological material uncovered. The walls were straight, the bottom flat, the fill dark brown. Cx. 7 (1,1 X 0,6 m) was a rectangular feature that continues into a ditch (Cx. 7/1). The walls were straight, the bottom flat, the fill dark brown. Cx. 7/1 was in line with Cx. 6. These two ditches were, in our opinion, connected and appeared to mark the area of a gate. Cx. 8 (8 X 0,3 m) was a ditch, partially uncovered, with no ceramic material. The walls were oblique, V-shaped and the fill was dark brown. The feature was 0.16 m deep. Notable is that Cx. 5, Cx. 6 and Cx. 8 were parallel, the distance between Cx. 5 and Cx. 6 was 16 m and the distance between Cx. 6 and Cx. 8 was 11m. Abriged version 17 Lazarovid 2013, p. 86, fig. 51. 18 Lazarovici 2013, p. 86. 19 Lazarovici 2013, p. 81-84. 20 Lazarovici 2013, p. 85-86. 21 Lazarovici 2013, p. 87-88. 22 Lazarovici 2013, p. 88-89. 107
