Diaconescu, Marius (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 1999 (3. évfolyam, 1-2. szám)
Mentalităţi
The Trial by Hot Iron Ceremony 15 the Oradean chapter for the trial by hot iron.63 If he failed to appear, the judge could order him to be convicted on the charge of which he was accused.64 2. After their summons, the litigants appeared in front of the legal representative, who was either a local or a royal one. A wide range of lay judges interrogated the litigants: bans,65 66 voivodes, vice-voivodes,67 68 69 palatines, vicejudge,71 bilochus,72 73 74 curialis comes comes regiae aulae,15 curialis comes palatines,6V royal judge,70 vice-royal regis,14 curialisreginae15curialis comes 63 See, for instance Varou's case from 1216: "... Varou, filius Korochi de villa Iraz, citatus a convillano suo nomine Hyued et item a Iacobo, Alberto, Teodoro, Forcost, Pentek, Guntu, Kemedu, Uruz, Chicouquod de villa Sari pro furto septies, ante praefatos iudices et ante praedecessores loannis comitis non venisset; proclamatus etiam per fora et provinciam, ut veniret ad judicium.” Ibid., no. 159, pp. 209-10. 64 In John and Mischa's case from 1215 the judge reported the absence of the accused to the palatine who gave the order for their proclamation in the market-places: “Ioannes et Mischa, filii Buchiku, et Tupa filius Pauli citauerunt tilios Hylary, scilicet: Isou, et nepotem eius, scilicet Isaac, ante Simonem, bilotum de Bikes, pro furto. Qui, cum ad septem terminos non venissent, praedictus iudex [Simonem, bilotum de Bikes] nunciauit Palatino comiti. Ille autem iussit eos proclamari per fora comprouincialia sub ea interminatione, quod si non venirent, vei ad iudicium biloti, vel ad iudicium ferri candentis Varadinum, pro furibus publicis et conuictis haberentur.” Ibid., no. 116, p. 195. 65 1 counted 5 such cases. For instance: “Abbas de S. Henrico et patronus ecclesiae impetiit filios Stephani, scilicet: Michud, Aladarum et Bazlou pro centum marcis violenter ablatis, iudice Benedicto Bano...” Ibid., no. 241, p. 244. 66 1 counted 3 such cases. For example: “... Neuca Vajuoda direxisset ad iudicium ferri candentis Laurentium de villa Belud contra Capitulum Albensis ecclesiae Transilvaniae...” Ibid., no. 207, p. 229 cp. Jakó, Codex diplomaticus, no. 98, pp. 148-49. 67 I counted I such case: “Becea de Foktheuu impetiisset quendam nomine Heymu de dampno quadraginta et duarum marcarum, facto per violentiam, Bocha, vicarius Pauli woyvodae discutiens eos...” Karácsonyi, and Borovszky, Regestrum Varadinense, no. 311, p. 270. 68 I counted 30 such cases. For example: “Quos Nicolaus comes Palatinus discutiens, per pristaldum regis, Temam de villa sui nominis et per pristaldum suum, Moulam nomine, misit ad iudicium ferri candentis Varadinum...” Ibid., no. 213, p. 231 -32. 69 1 counted 8 such cases. For instance: “Bot, filius Laurentii de villa Horvath, impetiit quendam de villa Usa, nomine Sirund, pro verberatione matris suae ad mortem, quod scilicet misisset verberantes, et de damno suarum rerum iuxta aestimationem quinquaginta marcarum, iudice Petus, vicario Nicolai Palatini comitis...” Ibid., no. 249, p. 247. 11 I counted 1 such case: “... quos [Paulus de villa Numchuny] Laurentius, iudex curiae et comes Nittriensis discutiens, misit per pristaldum, nomine Petrum de villa Kér ad examen ferri candentis Waradinum...” Ibid., no. 339, pp. 281-82. 71 I counted 3 such cases. For example: “Quibus idem constanter asserentibus, Gyvla comes, frater Ratolt, vicarius iudex regis iudicavit, quod homo duorum adductorum ferrum portaret Varadini...” Ibid., no. 194, p. 224. I counted 25 such cases. For instance: “Hertueg de villa Hertueg impetiit Gregorium de eadem villa, dicens, quod fratrem suum interfecisset, iudice Joachin, biloto...” Ibid., no. 147, p. 205. 73 I counted 2 such cases. For example: "... Gyula, curialis comes reginae, discutiens, per pristaldum Servusdei de villa Tesa ad examen ferri candentis direxit Waradinum...” Ibid., no. 312, p. 270. 74 I counted 1 such case: “Adamus de villa Nata impetiit Begedum et fratrem eius Scemedum, ioubagiones Benedicti de villa Módin de occisione sui generi per latrocinium, iudice Gyula, curiali comite regis...” Ibid., no. 200, p. 226. 73 I counted 1 such case: “Michal de villa Sunad, impetiit homines ecclesiae Vaciensis, scilicet: Fiachiam, Bolosit de villa Pispuki pro furto, iudice Gyula, curiali comite regiae aulae...” Ibid., no. 192, p. 223.
