Diaconescu, Marius (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 1998 (2. évfolyam, 1. szám)
Relaţii internaţionale
36 Marius Diaconescu duchy of Făgăraş were part of Wallachia. Ş. Papacostea only analyses "the title of fief, thus retractable [our underlineation]" of the Făgăraş duchy ruled by the Wallachian rulers, within the feudal-vassals relationships196. There arc several sorts of "ruling", differentiated by the character of exerting the property rights. We will approach only those, which are connected to the period, tackled hereby. Firstly, the position of bonus of Severin held by the Romanian voivodes, in certain periods, is one topic we are interested in. Then, a similar category must include the "ruling" over the duchy of the Făgăraş land, as it will be presented further197. The Hungarian king, Louis I, granted the Banate of Severin and the duchy of Făgăraş to Vladislav Vlaicu, the Wallachian voivode, for the first time. In 1368, Vladislav was certified as banus of Severin and duke of Făgăraş198. The date when the Romanian voivode received the duchy can be placed in 1366, subsequent to his submission during the previous year199. During 1366, the king was in Transylvania for a longer period, when he could have regulated the new relations with the Romanian voivode. There is no proof that Basarab I would have actually ruled, for a longer period, the Banate of Severin. He may have claimed it, taking into account the fact that the new Romanian State was continuously expanding its territories, in the attempt to unify all the Southern Carpathian regions. But the Mehadia citadel, in the Severin Banate, is certified by King Carol Robert's government in 1324200 as well as in 1329201. The line of banus indicates again the fact that the Banate was belonging to the Hungarian kingdom202. It is probable that only before the 1330 campaign he would have possessed, for a short time, the Severin region. Only after 1366, the Wallachian ruler received the Banate for the first time from the Hungarian king. First of all, we must clarify the fact that any position in the Hungarian kingdom, from that of voivode of Transylvania to that of banus (of Slovenia, Croatia, Severin, etc.) or count, was obtained, beginning with the Anjou period, pro honore. At the same time, certain royal estates were also donated pro honore. That is they did not have the same statute with that of the irreversible feoffs, including the right of inheritance, etc, but a temporary character. The duration of such a position depended on the king's benevolence, according to the loyalty and services shown by the beneficiary. The official or the nobleman who was the beneficiary represented the royal authority within the territory circumscribed to his jurisdiction, reiterating its attributions. The material importance of the position consisted in the fact that an important part of the incomes collected from the respective territory -196 Ş. Papacostea, Românii în secolul al XII I-lea, p. 78. 197 The estates and citadels ruled by the Romanian voivodes in Transylvania during the following periods (the citadels Bran and Bologa, the Vinţ estate, etc.) are included into a separate category. We will discuss their case another time. 198 DRH, D., I, pp. 86-88; both titles on the conventional signs of the seal 199 Gy. Kristő, Az Anjou-kor, p. 157. 200 DRH. D„ I, pp. 36-37. 201 Ibidem, p. 41. 202 See the discussion about these aspects in chapter 3, pp. 15-19.
