Diaconescu, Marius (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 1998 (2. évfolyam, 1. szám)
Stat
150 Tudor Sălăgean serie de similarităţi cu aceea, incipientă, din epoca lui ’’Regnum Transilvanum”, se va constitui câteva secole mai târziu, în epoca Principatului autonom. Respectiva reafirmare a autonomismului transilvan se va produce, însă, în condiţiile funcţionării unei ’’uniuni” restrictive a celor trei ’’naţiuni” care, împingându-i pe români către periferia societăţii, îşi păstraseră un statut privilegiat şi în care biserica romano-catolică îşi pierduse controlul exclusiv asupra vieţii spirituale a provinciei. Constituind o punte de legătură între vechile formaţiuni politice ale secolelor IX-XI (ne referim aici la formaţiunile premaghiare din secolul al IX-lea, menţionate în cronica Notarului Anonim, cât şi la structurile politice rezultate în urma primei cuceriri maghiare, care au avut de la bun început tendinţa de a se înscrie pe o traiectorie politică diferită de aceea a maghiarilor din Pannonig) şi epoca Principatului autonom, ’’Regnum Transilvanum” a demonstrat persistenţa potenţialului politic al spaţiului transilvan, aspiraţia sa către dobândirea, prin intermediul unor forme de organizare proprii, a unei individualităţi distincte în cadrul regatului maghiar. Regnum Transilvanum Contributions to the Study of a Regime’s Origin. (Summary) In the conditions of the profound crisis that affected the Hungarian Kingdom during (he last decade of the 13th century, a political regime of local nobility was born in Transylvania with ideals for limited autonomy. This regime impelled the voivode Ladislau Kan as the arbitrator of the struggle for the Hungarian Crown and in the same time it assured an important position for the intra-carpathians principality on the political scene of southeastern Europe, in the first quarter of the 13th century. In the first part of the article the author presents the three major crises which affected the relationship between Transylvania and the Central Power, determining that to constitute a particular model of self-government: 1) the Tartar invasion from 1241-1242 and the long agitated period after that; 2) “the Transylvanian Dukedom” of Stephen V and the civil wars between 1262-1267; 3) the strong forms that were taken by the general crises of the principality during the reign of Ladislau IV (1272-1290). 1) The big Tartar invasion had come after a period when the Central Power’s control on Transylvania reached the highest level in the Arpad epoch; that happened after Teutonic Knights were sent away and after the baffling of the Papal attempts to create its own bases for acting in this province. The dramatic events from 1241-1242 shook the government’s institutions, having an effect on the social order and on the property’s relationship; they made possible a reaffirmation of an old community structures of a traditional type, such as Romanian principalities, voivodeships. During the years when Transylvania was a territory almost nongovernmental, left by the important high officials (that is after 1246/1247 when, as an effect of the Council from Lyon, the first signs of straightening occur), a new local elite appeared; it would like to have an important role in the future. Another consequence of the Council from Lyon might be considered the Papacy’s renunciation at any implication in the Transylvanian and east Hungarian problems (the Teutonic problems, the Saxon prepositura, the Arad prepositura); it had the
