Diaconescu, Marius (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 1998 (2. évfolyam, 1. szám)
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14 Marius Diaconescu motive of the punishing measures against the rebels was the tribute usually requested55. As it has recently been underlined56, the punishing action of the Hungarian army restored the previous order only partially. It was successful considering the facts that the ruler was subjected, the Hungarian suzerainty was re-established, and the tax had still to be paid, but the unification of the Romanian political formations could not be broken any longer. It has to be added that the Hungarian suzerainty was re-established over all the territories, including those ruled by Litovoi57. One must emphasize that the Romanian voivode's rebellion took place in a period of internal crisis within the suzerain system, during the minority of Ladislau IV the Cuman. Litovoi tried to acquire independence from under the Hungarian king's suzerainty and take over other territorial formations, too, subjects them to the same suzerain power58. It is the first known attempt to unify more territorial formations south of the Carpathians and to escape from the Hungarian suzerainty59. Litovoi's initiative became one of the starting points60 - considered as a precedent - for the future acts of liberation of the Southern Carpathian territory, as well as a foundation for the up-coming process of unification and constitution of the Romanian state. At the beginning of the 14th century, Hungary was affected by a lasting internal political crisis, due to the dynastic changes and to the conflicts for the throne. Another Romanian political leader in the south of the Carpathians, Basarab I, Tihomir's son, took advantage of the inner turmoil of the Hungarian kingdom. He succeeded in unifying the most parts of the Romanian State formation south of the Carpathians in one state, known as Wallachia, Valahia, Ungrovlahia or Terra Transalpina. The circumstances which led to the constitution of the Romanian state were numerous: the internal evolution of the Romanian society61, the establishment of the Tartar domination in the region of the Lower Danube at the end of the 13th century62, as well as the internal conflict in Hungary, which was the suzerain state over Southern Carpathian territories. Basarab I achieved, after about half of a century, what Litovoi tried to do in 1270, taking advantage of the same profitable 55 A. Sacerdoţeanu's comment of the document, in Comentarii la diploma din 1285 privind pe Magistrul Gheorghe, in Analele Universităţii „C.I. Parkon“, Bucureşti, seria Ştiinţelor Sociale, Lstorie, 9, 1957, pp. 27-44. 56 Ş. Papacostea, Românii în secolul al XlII-lea, p. 142. 57 Ibidem, loc. cit., considers without any reasons that the territories occupied by Litovoi were lost by the kingdom. 58 DRH, D., I, pp. 30-33: „Lythway wayuoda, unacum fratribus suis, per suum infidelitatem aliquum partem de regno nostro, ultra alpes existentem, pro se occuparet et proventus illius partis nobis provenientes nullis amonitionibus reddere curabat ... per eiusdem magistri Georg ii servitium, tributum nostrum in partibus eisdem nobis fuit restauratum...“. 59 The success of the unification was also mentioned by S. Iosipescu, op. cit., p. 49. 60 D. Onciul, Scrieri istorice, I, pp. 354-355 and n, pp. 632-633, underlined the importance of the event in the enlargement of Wallachia. 61 The foundation of Wallachia was approached in a rich historical literature. Cf. N. Stoicescu, JJescălecat “ sau „ întemeiere “? O veche preocupare a istoriografiei româneşti. Legendă şi adevăr istoric, in voi. Constituirea statelor româneşti, Bucureşti, 1980, pp. 97-164. 62 Ş. Papacostea, Românii în secolul al XlII-lea, pp. 167-168.
