Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Mala Kopanya. Micromonografie (Satu Mare, 2009)
3. Pidszumki vivcsennja pamjatki
fragment weighing 522 g, which was undoubtedly a sign of power. It was made of four interwoven, gold threads of 9-10 mm thick. On the inside, it had a thin, inwrought thread, with bold ends. The endings of the torques are semi-spherical, with beads inlays, rivets and fastener holes. The pendant shaping a bucket is cylindrical, with thin handle made of twisted wire. Its body height was 15 mm, 10 mm in diameter. The bracelet inlay was made with golden foil printed with the protuberances shaping cones. One of the ends (the narrow one) has three holes for fastening. Its outside diameter is about 55 mm. The ethnic affiliation of the graves is given by their ceramics: shaped vessels of the Dacians type (cups, fruit-dishes, pots). The analysis of the finds from Chellenyţa concluded that the fortress corresponds to its first phase of existence. It’s possible that the cemetery was found and dug by treasure hunters at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century. This fact is confirmed by the torques cut it into pieces. The other part of the cemetery was situated 150 m south of the place called Chelleniţa, in place called Serednii Grunok. Here, 8 graves were found on an area of 1,050 hectares. The graves are incineration graves within 50 pits, with 0.6 m in diameter and 0.5 m in depth. The funeral inventory consisted of weapons (three long swords with one blade and two cutting edges, folded several times, lance points, umbos and mail), individual items of a soldiers equipment (spur) and articles of clothing (belt buckle and fibulae). One of the graves contained the bones deposited in the urn, which was an imitation of a Roman vessel with red lid. 4.1 kilograms of calcined bones, a bowl and a pot were found in the urn. The funerary ritual means the burning of the body and depositing the incineration refuse in the pit. In three graves, the bones were covered with umbos. The bones were well cleaned from the fire remainders before they were buried. The analysis of the funerary inventory and mostly of the fibulae offered the opportunity to date this part of the cemetery in the final phase of the fortress existence, at the end of the 1st century - the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. The fortress of Mala Kopanya and the nearby monuments date from the 1st century BC - 1st century A.D. and belong to the period before the Roman age from the economic and politic point of view. The Celts’ defeat as a result of the Dacians, Roman and Germanic attacks did not lead to the
