Porumbăcean, Claudiu (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria istorie-etnografie-artă 34/2. (2018)
Radu Milian: Aspecte ale învăţămăntului românesc bihorean în contextul Marii Uniri
ASPECTE ALE ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNTULUI ROMÂNESC BIHOREAN ÎN CONTEXTUL MARII UNIRI Radu MILIAN Abstract: (Aspects of the Romanian bihorean education in the context of the Great Union) Before the Great Union in 1918, the Romanian population in Bihor faced major shortcomings in school education. In the second half of the nineteenth century and in the first decade of the 20th century, the Hungarian state has taken a forced Magyarization policy. School was seen as a perfect means to achieve this goal. That is why we have an avalanche of laws designed to develop a quality Hungarian language education to the detriment of Romanian schools that were threatened with closure or forced to adapt their studio program to the interests of the Hungarian state. To this is added the lack of financial support and the poverty of the Romanian villages. The only support for the Romanian school came from the church of the two Romanian churches (Orthodox and Greek Catholic) who developed a network of confessional schools. The poor endowment of schools, the economic problems of the Romanian communities and the insufficiently qualified staff, made the percentage of illiterate to pass sometimes by 50% among the Romanian population at the beginning of the 20th century. After the Great Union, the situation is changing sharply. The Conduct Council and then the Ministry of Cults and Instruction will be closely involved in school reorganization. There is an immediate transfer to Romanian language, with the maintenance of education in the languages of national minorities where neccesary, the confessional schools will be supported by the state, a network of state schools with qualified staff, with be set up emphasis on secondary and higher education. The emphasis on education development makes the percentage of book readers to rise in the interwar period to 60% in rural areas and 90% in urban areas. Keywords: Magyarizations laws, Romanian education, confessional school, The Great Union, The Conduct Council. 1. Situaţia învăţământului românesc înainte de Marea Unire a. Legislaţia. După anul 1868 legislaţia şcolară devine tot mai dură pentru naţionalităţile din Ungaria, datorită legilor de maghiarizare. La o simplă enumerare, constatăm că numărul legilor restrictive la adresa învăţământului românesc este destul de mare: 1876 - autorizarea introducerii şcolilor de stat maghiare în locul celor româneşti considerate necorespunzătoare; 1879 - obligativitatea predării limbii maghiare în şcolile confesionale, 1881 - obligativitatea predării limbii Satu Mare - Studii şi Comunicări, nr. XXXIV/II, 2018, p. 135-145.
