Marta, Liviu (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria arheologie 26/1. (2010)
Nagy József-Gábor - Körösfői Zsolt: Early Iron Age Storage Pit at Porumbenii Mari-Várfele (Harghita County)
Early Iron Age Storage Pit at Porumbenii Mari-Várfele (Harghita County) The bowls form a distinct category in the finds from Porumbenii Mari - being a wide-spread vessel in the pot making of the Early Iron Age settlements - are found in considerable quantity. From the researched site there are two bowl types: 1. The inside decorated shallow bowl fragment with widely outcurving rim (Schalen mit geknickter Wandung)61 that was found in the excavated pit (Figure 7/6) can be included in the IVd type after Valentin Vasiliev and his collegues64 65 66 67 68 and in the 2Ccb variant after Attila László’s volume from in 199469. 2. The shallow bowl fragment with incurving rim and arched body found in the surface collection (Figure 7/5), was categorized in the typology of Vasiliev’s and his collegues as the IVb4 variant,70 in László’s as the 2Da variant71 72 and named by Claudia Pankau as flat dome shaped bowls (Kalottenförmige Schalen)12 The material from the surface collection involves as well mugs. Apart from the slightly outcurving mug, decorated inside the rim (Figure 7/3),73 classed by Horia Ciugudean into the Vic type74 and by Attila László into the 6A one,75 there was an interesting miniature mug fragment, with a straight rim and arched body (Figure 7/1 )76. In case of the globular, handled mugs generally the diameter of the lip corresponds with the height of the vessel (Figure 7/4). The mentioned drinking vessels were included by Vasiliev and his collegues in the VIb type77 and by Attila László’s tipology in the 5Fb variant78. The “bag shaped”, coarse pots with poorly smoothed surface and arched body (Figure 4/4)79, belonging to the utilitarian pottery category, were grouped by Valentin Vasiliev into the Illb type,80 by Attila László into the 4 Ab variant81 and by Claudia Pankau into the 2a variant82. The discussed vessels are characteristic of their height exceeding the maximum diameter83 and were usually decorated with four knobs that are placed under the rim.84 The scale of the vessels from Porumbenii Mari was similar to the ones discovered at Reci85 and Mediaş86 (1: 0.70 - 1: 0.92). During the field walks several bag-shaped vessels were collected. Among the straight finds all three kinds of bag shaped vessels occured: with straight or slightly arched body (Figure 6/4),87 with knobs below the outcurving rim (Figure 6/2, 3, 5) and with 64 The pottery fragments found in the Apor kúria were dated in the Early Iron Age, Reinecke Ha B (RepCov 1998, 143- 144, XXXIIIc/1, 580, 269, pl. XIII/3); Kató 2005, 28 (information and picture Méder Lóránt-László). 65 Székely 1966, pl. VI/1, 3. 66 Vasiliev et al. 1992, 227, fig. 31/13, 237, fig. 41/5, 7. For the presence in the second habitation layer see Vasiliev et al. 1992, 83. 67 Pankau 2004, Typentafel 4. 68 Vasiliev et al. 1991,86. 69 László 1994, 72, 301, planşa I/2Ccb. 70 Vasiliev et al. 1991,86. 71 László 1994,71-75. 72 Pankau 2004, 62, Typentafel 4, Variante 3; Méder 2006, 58, 5/1. 77 Several analogies can be found to this type of mug from: Cérnát (Székely 1983, fig. 1/8); Reci-Telek (Székely 1966, pl. V/8, 9; Smirnova 1974, 363, fig. 2, 15-16); Tilişca-Căţănaş (Lupu 1989, pi. 1/8); Teleac (Vasiliev et al. 1991, 235, fig. 39, nr. 3 şi 8); Mediaş (Zaharia 1965, fig. 6); Sighetu-Marmaţiei (Horedt 1966, fig. 8/1). 74 Vasiliev et al. 1991,88. 75 László 1994, 82-83, 305, planşa V/6 A. 76 The function of the normal scale vessels replica is uncertain, they can be interpreted as toys or ritual objects. (Vasiliev et al. 1991, 91-92). 77 Vasiliev et al. 1992, 88. 78 László 1994, 68, 304, planşa IV/5 Fb. 79 Teleac (Vasiliev et al. 1992, 227, fig. 31/19-20, 229, fig. 33/1-6, 9), Reci-Telek (Székely 1962, 327, fig. 2/2; Székely 1966, 47, pl. II/1; 49. pl. III/1-2); Porumbenii Mari (Székely 1966, 55, pl. VI/5; Benkö 1992, 7 tábla/10); Poian-Kőhát (Méder 2006, 59, 6 ábra/5; Méder 2008, 55, taf. 6/5). 80 Vasiliev et al. 1991,83. 81 László 1994, 68, 303, planşa III/4 Ab. 82 Pankau 2004, Typentafel 3/2a. 83 László 1994, 68. 84 László 1994, 70. 85 Székely 1966, pl. 11/1,111/1/2, VI/5. 86 Zaharia 1965, fig. 9/4. 87 Méder 2006, 62, 9 ábra/5; Méder 2008, 58, taf. 9/5. 139
