Marta, Liviu - Virag, Cristian (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria arheologie 25/1. (2008)

János Németi: Descoperiri arheologice din epoca bronzului târziu şi epoca fierului mijlociu din hotarele localităţilor Foieni-Berea-Ciumeşti (jud. Satu Mare) Cercetări de eliberare de sarcini arheologice cu ocazia lucrărilor Romtelecom

Descoperiri arheologice din epoca bronzului târziu fi epoca fierului de !a Toieni-Berea-Ciumeşti

of a survey trench S1/2000 at the right side of the road towards Berea, and our three decades of experience from Poieni — Nisipărie Veche/ Regi homokhánya. This is located on the right hank of Mogyorós hrook, at a close proximity to the site we investigated. In S7/2001 we partially uncovered a household pitfilled with many animal hones, burnt clay pieces and relatively few pottery shards that were very fragmented. On the other hand, from S1/2000 very rich archaeological material was retrieved from the culture layer, hut without any certain complex being identified. The archaeological material retrieved from S7/2001, S1/2000 and that gathered from the perimeter of the Nisipărie are identical, which leads to the assumption that we are dealing with a single settlement from the late Bronze Age which overlaid both hanks of Mogyorós brook.

In S1-6 from Sultéscytag two stratigraphical layers can he distinguished: the first layer belongs to the middle Iron Age with hand made pottery and pottery made on the potters wheel specific of the Alföld culture of the Scythian era (Vekeryug culture), and the lower layer, which is more substantial, belongs to the early bronze age and is immediately above the ancient vegetal layer. In S1/2001 (10x1,5 m) at a depth of 1,10 m ( reported to a modem 0,3-0,5 m thick layer of windblown sand) a layer of burnt clay fragments and anders was visible, which without doubt belongs to a surface dwelling of early Bronze II date - Nyírség culture. Tottery shards accidentally found in the perimeter of Nisipdria Veche at Foieni are also from Ha. D. period. The distance between the two aforementioned sites does not exceed 500 m, but we still consider that these are two smaller settlements from the 6thAth centuries B.C.

At the center of the village of Ciumeşti, in the trench mentioned above a household pit S1 Gr1 was uncovered with many pottery shards, burnt clay fragments, animal bones and cinders. In the filling of the pit among the pottery shards a bronze needle was found with a much corroded bulging head. On the basis of the pottery the pit can be dated to the late Bronze Age.

From the „Kovács” collection two arrowheads are known, with short tubes for the shaft and two or three blades, from Berea Sultésptag linked with the identified settlement from the Scythian era.

As a conclusion: two settlements have been identified (Foieni the road towards Berea, and the center of the village of Ciume şti) from the late Bronze Age, datable to the second jap (Ha. A1 /A2); and two smaller settlements (Foieni — Nisipăria Veche and Berea Sültésp tag) from the 6th-4th centuries B.C. (the Alföld culture from the Scythian era).

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