Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări 15-16. (1998-1999)
Arheologie
84 János Németi Robert Gindele ROMAN AGE SETTLEMENT FROM PISCOLT-LUTARIE (COUNTY SA TU MARE) The ancient settlement is on the bank of a brook, in the upper valley of the Ier, of 500 meters from Piscolt village towards Curtuiuseni, on the right side of the Satu Mare- Oradea road. A part of the settlement was destroyed during the extraction of the clay. The archeological materials were saved by I.Németi (1970-1995) and by I. Németi-R. Gindele (1995-1997). In this place were found materials from the Neolithic age, the Celtic-lalén age and the roman age . According to the characteristics of the paste and the producing technology of the pottery material, there exist the following cathegories .pottery having the colour of the paste in the shade of brick-coloured and of ash-coloured pottery with a paste having a rough aspect, wheeled and hand-made pottery. The numerical relationship among these cathegories: brick-coloured pottery-16,6%, ash-coloured pottery-73,8%, rough-pottery-1,1% and handmade pottery-8,3. Wheeled pottery There can be observed in the case of brick-coloured and ash-coloured pottery the cover of the pot's surface (exterior or exterior and interior) with a coat of a darker shade than the colour of the material. There is applied the smoothing in stripes or uniform on the exterior surface of the pot, too. It's remarcably the great significance of using this technological process (45,3%). A considerable quantity of wheeled pottery (21,4%) is decorated with smoothed-in motives (48,4%) , with ribbes (48,4%), with wavy-lines (15,1%), with "cushion" (6%) and with girdle (6%).Different decoration types can be applied on the same pot, but wavy-lines are not associated with smoothed-in motives. The intense using of the smoothed ornaments (same significance with the ribbes, the simplest ornaments) can be placed the settlements dating around the end of the 4th century . In the course of the 2nd -4th centuries A.D. in the settlements appear a considerable quantity of storage vessels. From typologic point of view they can be cathegorized with difficulty because they sometimes show a great variety of size and profile of rim . Storage vessels from Pişcolt-Lutărie can be classified in two categories: bigger pots,paste kneaded with more sand decorated with wavy-lines on the shoulder or on the rim (nr. 15-18) and smaller pots with a finest material decorated with smoothed-in motives (nr. 19-21 and 25- 31). The first cathegory can certify a certain northern influence . Pots from the second cathegory appear in the whole Sarmatic stage from the Carpathan Basin. Also in the cathegory of the storage vessels we can list a type of smaller sizes (nr. 23-24). This type appears frequently in the Sarmatian settlements in the course of the 2nd-4th centuries. Hand-made pottery It's very important the detailed studying of the hand-made pottery because this cathegory ofpots is produced mainly in the households, preserving for a long time the traditional forms. We can admit that hand-made pottery can offer some information about cultural or ethnic attribution. The chronological limits of the settlement from Pişcolt-Lutărie can be defined very difficult. The archeological material is dated on the basis of the analogies from the end of the 3rd century -the beginning of the 5th century. A more precise dotation can offer the cask-pot fragment (fig. 10. 1). This kind ofpot appears more often in the 4th century or at
