Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări 13. (1996)
Arheologie
38 caracter ritual. în unele cazuri am putea gândi şi la antropofagie (canibalism), dar pe baza datelor furnizate de arheologie, aceste nu poate fi dovedită (Boroffka, 1955, p. 86). Caracterul ritual al acestor descoperiri-sacrificii umane - sunt determinate de anumite credinţe, de concepţii magico-religioase ale căror semnificaţie nu ne sunt deocamdată clare, nu le putem explica, în lipsa unor documentaţii antropologice. Mormântul de copil de tip Pithos (scheletul de copil depus într-un vas mare) descoperit incidental la Pir-Cetate, groapa cultică legată de templul-megaron de la Sălacea- Dealul Vida sunt interpretate ca elemente sudice venite din lumea egeică. Analogii pentru mormântul de la Pir (Pithosgrab) găsim la Rákóczifalva - M. 114 (R. Csănyi, 1982-83, p. 53, fig. 6) din cultura Nagyrév, ele se practică în Orientul Antic (Mesopotamia), Anatolia, Grecia antică dar au fost descoperite şi pe teritoriul Spaniei (Margarita Primas, 1977, p. 81). Some Comments on Bronze Age Burials from the North-West of Romania (Summary) We call the Bronze Age of the North-West of Romania that period of time that begins with the earliest archeological discoveries dated from the Bronze Age on this geographical district, which contains the Makó culture followed by the Nyírség (Mir) culture, as well as, the Sanislău group, Otomani and Suciu de Sus cultures ending chronologically with the Gava culture. The transitional period of the Bronze Age contains two other cultures: the Baden and the Coţofeni cultures. The burial rite is that of cremation woth urns as it is certified by the graves from Medieşul Aurit (Coţofeni cult), and that of inhumation as in the case of the graves from the Igriţa cave (Baden and Coţofeni cult). Though the Baden culture manifests itself completely on the North-West of Romania, until now there was no discovery of cemetery with the exception of the grave accidentally discovered in Valea lui Mihai (railway station). At the beginning of the Bronze Age the Burial rite of cremation with urns is maintained as it is proved by the group of graves from Pişcolt - Nisipărie (Makó cult) the graves from Sanislău - Nisipărie, the cemetery from Ciumeşti - Bostănărie, the grave from Foieni. All these belong to the Sanislău group dated from the second part of the Early Bronze Age. During the reasearches from Sanislău - Nisipărie two inhumation Burials occured with skeletons in contracted position. There were found more skeletal graves in Pişcolt all with deads in contracted position but without any goods. Other graves of this kind were discovered in Andrid (the farm) which chronogically follows the group of Sanislău. Taking into account that the cemetery from Pir (the classic phase of the Otomani culture) is of inhumation burial with skeletons in contracted position (with the exception of an inhumation grave of chlid „Pithos-grave“ type, and a cremation with urns) and those three graves from Tiream-Kendereshalom, as well as, the finds from Sălcea-Dealul Vida (all these dated from the classic Bronze Age) we should draw the conclusion that beside the etnocultural manifestation of the Otomani culture appears the rite of skeletal burial, a fact that suggests the settlement of a new population. This population getting in contact with the rite of inhumation burial adopted it and produces „biritual“ cemeteries such as the reach graves from Berea-Ciumeşti dated from the classic Bronze Age. It seems that by the end of the Bronze Age in the Hajdubagos culture the cremation burials with uns were dominant (grave nr. 6 Ciumeşti-Bostonărie) and became wide-spread in the Gava culture. Beside the cemeteries and graves there were found some remains of human skeleton or buried human skulls as in the case of finds from Andrid (the farm) and from Carei-Bobald (S.VII. 1994). These could be interpreted as the remains of a magicreligious act. It is possible that the population of the Otomani culture practiced the rite of human sacrifice.
